### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʼăbâqâh**, represented by `{{H81}}`, refers to **powder**, specifically light and volatile particles. It is a very rare term, appearing only **1 time** in a single verse in the entire Bible. Its meaning is derived entirely from its singular, rich context, where it denotes fine, ground substances.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole use of `{{H81}}` is found in the poetic imagery of the Song of Solomon. The verse asks, "Who is this that cometh out of the wilderness like pillars of smoke, perfumed with myrrh and frankincense, with all **powders** of the merchant?" [[Song of Solomon 3:6]]. Here, the word is used to describe the collection of valuable, fragrant goods that accompany a dramatic and majestic entrance from the wilderness.
### Related Words & Concepts
The context of `{{H81}}` connects it to several words related to commerce, incense, and sensory experience:
* `{{H7402}}` **râkal** (to travel for trading; (spice) merchant): This word directly qualifies the **powders**, identifying them as valuable commodities obtained through trade.
* `{{H4753}}` **môr** (myrrh): Mentioned alongside `{{H81}}`, myrrh is a prized, bitter resin, establishing that these **powders** are part of a collection of luxurious aromatic substances.
* `{{H3828}}` **lᵉbôwnâh** (frankincense): This fragrant resin is listed with myrrh, further defining the **powders** of the merchant as precious materials used for their scent.
* `{{H6999}}` **qâṭar** (to smoke, i.e. turn into fragrance by fire): The scene is described as being "perfumed," indicating that the **powders** `{{H81}}` are likely aromatic and intended to be burned as incense or used as perfume.
### Theological Significance
The significance of `{{H81}}` is tied to its unique appearance in scripture:
* **Symbol of Value:** Occurring with myrrh, frankincense, and goods from a merchant `{{H7402}}`, the **powders** are clearly presented as items of luxury and high value.
* **Sensory Richness:** The term contributes to an overwhelming aromatic atmosphere. The arrival in [[Song of Solomon 3:6]] is marked not only by visual pillars of smoke `{{H8490}}` but by a cloud of expensive scents, including the merchant's finest **powders**.
* **Majestic Procession:** The use of `{{H81}}` helps to paint a picture of a magnificent arrival. The figure ascending `{{H5927}}` from the wilderness `{{H4057}}` is announced by this display of wealth and precious fragrances, signifying a person of immense importance.
### Summary
In summary, though used only once, `{{H81}}` **ʼăbâqâh** is a highly specific and evocative term. It moves beyond a simple definition of "powder" to signify the precious, fragrant, and costly powders available from a merchant. Its singular context in [[Song of Solomon 3:6]] embeds it within a scene of royalty and splendor, where it functions as a key element in describing an arrival of great significance through the language of valuable and aromatic goods.
TRV