### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew name **Shammai**, represented by `{{H8060}}`, means **destructive**. It appears 6 times across 5 unique verses in the Bible. The name is attributed to three different Israelites, primarily within the genealogical records of 1 Chronicles.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The name **Shammai** `{{H8060}}` is found exclusively in the genealogical lists of 1 Chronicles. These records establish the lineage of the tribe of Judah. One **Shammai** is listed as a son of Ezra [[1 Chronicles 4:17]]. Another is identified as the son of Onam and the brother of Jada; this **Shammai** had two sons, Nadab and Abishur ([[1 Chronicles 2:28]], [[1 Chronicles 2:32]]). A third **Shammai** is mentioned as the son of Rekem [[1 Chronicles 2:44]] and the father of Maon [[1 Chronicles 2:45]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several key Hebrew words help define the relational context of **Shammai** within these genealogies:
* `{{H1121}}` **bên** (son): Defined as "a son (as a builder of the family name)," this word is fundamental to establishing the lineages involving **Shammai**, such as in "the sons of Onam were, **Shammai**, and Jada" [[1 Chronicles 2:28]].
* `{{H251}}` **ʼâch** (brother): Meaning "a brother," this term specifies the kinship between individuals, as seen in the description of Jada as the **brother** of **Shammai** [[1 Chronicles 2:32]].
* `{{H3205}}` **yâlad** (to beget): This root word, meaning "to beget;... to show lineage," directly establishes paternal lines. It is used to state that Rekem **begat** **Shammai** [[1 Chronicles 2:44]].
### Theological Significance
The mentions of **Shammai** `{{H8060}}` are significant for their role in preserving the tribal history of Israel.
* **Preserving Lineage:** As a figure within the genealogies of Judah, **Shammai** serves as a vital link connecting generations. His name is recorded as both a son and a father, ensuring the continuity of the family line ([[1 Chronicles 2:28]], [[1 Chronicles 2:45]]).
* **Establishing Kinship:** The records explicitly define his relationships, identifying him as a son [[1 Chronicles 2:44]], a father [[1 Chronicles 2:45]], and a brother [[1 Chronicles 2:32]]. This highlights the importance of familial structure in Israelite identity.
* **Fathering Future Generations:** **Shammai** is noted as the father of Nadab, Abishur, and Maon ([[1 Chronicles 2:28]], [[1 Chronicles 2:45]]). This contrasts with his nephew Jether, who "died without children," underscoring the significance of heirs in these records [[1 Chronicles 2:32]].
### Summary
In summary, **Shammai** `{{H8060}}` is a name associated with three individuals in the Old Testament, found exclusively in the genealogical records of 1 Chronicles. While the name itself means "destructive," its biblical function is constructive: to build a comprehensive account of Israel's ancestry. The references to **Shammai** as a son, brother, and father solidify his place within the larger narrative of the tribe of Judah's heritage.
TRV