### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **sâmaʼl**, represented by `{{H8041}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to use the left hand or pass in that direction** or to **turn to the left**. It is derived from the word for left hand, `{{H8040}}` שְׂמֹאול. It appears **5 times** across **5 unique verses**, often in contrast to turning to the right.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical usage, `{{H8041}}` is applied in both literal and figurative contexts. Literally, it denotes physical direction, as when Abram offers Lot a choice of land, stating, "if thou depart to the right hand, then I will go to the **left**" [[Genesis 13:9]]. It also describes the ambidextrous skill of warriors from the tribe of Benjamin who could use "both the right hand and the **left** in hurling stones and shooting arrows" [[1 Chronicles 12:2]]. Figuratively, it represents deviation from a correct or prescribed path, as in God's promise of guidance: "thine ears shall hear a word behind thee, saying, This is the way, walk ye in it, when ye turn to the right hand, and when ye **turn to the left**" [[Isaiah 30:21]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a fuller understanding of direction and choice:
* `{{H3231}}` **yâman**: As the direct counterpart to `{{H8041}}`, this word means to **go or turn to the right hand**. It is frequently used in the same verse to create a contrast between the two directions of choice or movement ([[Genesis 13:9]], [[2 Samuel 14:19]]).
* `{{H8040}}` **sᵉmôʼwl**: This is the noun for **left (hand, side)**, from which the verb `{{H8041}}` is derived. It establishes the foundational concept of the left-hand direction [[Genesis 13:9]].
* `{{H1870}}` **derek**: Meaning a **road, course of life, or way**, this word often provides the context from which one might turn to the left or right. In [[Isaiah 30:21]], it is "the **way**" from which one should not deviate.
### Theological Significance
While a simple directional term, the theological significance of `{{H8041}}` emerges from its context:
* **Divine Guidance:** The command not to turn to the left or right is a powerful metaphor for staying on the path God has ordained. Deviation represents moving away from His will and instruction [[Isaiah 30:21]].
* **Unalterable Word:** The inability to turn "to the right hand or to the **left**" from a king's spoken word signifies its directness, authority, and inescapable nature [[2 Samuel 14:19]].
* **Consequential Choice:** The decision to go left or right marks a pivotal moment of separation and destiny. Abram gives Lot this choice, and the direction he takes has lasting consequences [[Genesis 13:9]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H8041}}` **sâmaʼl** is more than a simple verb of direction. While it can refer to a literal turn to the left or the use of the left hand, it is most often used figuratively to represent straying from a commanded or righteous path. Its pairing with its opposite, turning to the right, creates a vivid picture of the choices and deviations that define a person's journey, whether in a physical land or in their walk with God.
TRV