The Hebrew word Shalmanʼeçer, represented by H8022, is the name of an Assyrian king. It is of foreign derivation and appears 2 times in 2 unique verses in the Bible. The name exclusively refers to this specific historical figure, a monarch of Assyria.
In the biblical narrative, H8022 is documented as a military aggressor against the kingdom of Israel. Shalmaneser first "came up" against Hoshea, the king of Israel, who then became his servant and was forced to give him presents 2 Kings 17:3. Later, in the seventh year of Hoshea's reign, Shalmaneser king of Assyria "came up" against Samaria and besieged it 2 Kings 18:9. These two accounts establish his role as a key antagonist in the final years of the northern kingdom of Israel.
Several related words help clarify the context of Shalmaneser's actions:
- H4428 melek (a king): This title is explicitly given to Shalmaneser, defining his role and authority 2 Kings 17:3. The term is used throughout scripture for both earthly rulers, such as David 2 Samuel 7:18, and for the LORD as the ultimate King of Israel Isaiah 44:6.
- H804 ʼAshshûwr (Assyria): This identifies Shalmaneser's nation and the empire he ruled 2 Kings 18:9. Assyria is depicted as a major world power and is often described as the instrument that devoured Israel Jeremiah 50:17.
- H6696 tsûwr (to besiege): This verb describes Shalmaneser's military action against Samaria 2 Kings 18:9. The act of a siege is a recurring theme of judgment and warfare, as when Nebuchadnezzar besieged Jerusalem Daniel 1:1.
- H5927 ʻâlâh (to ascend): This word, translated as "came up," depicts Shalmaneser's military advance against Israel (2 Kings 17:3, 2 Kings 18:9). It is a versatile term that can also describe God bringing his people up from bondage Exodus 3:8 or restoring them Jeremiah 30:17.
The brief mentions of H8022 carry significant weight within the biblical narrative of God's relationship with Israel.
- Agent of Conquest: Shalmaneser's identity as king H4428 of Assyria H804 places him within a line of foreign rulers whose actions impact Israel. His campaigns illustrate the historical reality of nations rising to power and subjugating others Jeremiah 50:17.
- Imposition of Servitude: The subjugation of Hoshea, who became Shalmaneser's servant H5650, marks a critical moment of national decline. This state of bondage stands in stark contrast to Israel's identity as the servants of the LORD Isaiah 54:17.
- Execution of Siege Warfare: The act of besieging (tsûwr, H6696) Samaria is presented as a definitive military engagement. This tactic is used elsewhere by kings acting against God's people, reflecting a pattern of conflict and judgment Jeremiah 21:4.
In summary, H8022 Shalmanʼeçer is a specific historical figure whose actions are concisely recorded. Though he appears only twice, his role as the Assyrian king who subjugated Hoshea and besieged Samaria is pivotal. He represents the tangible, historical forces that interacted with Israel, and his narrative contributes to the broader biblical themes of national sovereignty, servitude, and the consequences of the political and spiritual state of the nation.
TRV