### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **Shalmanʼeçer**, represented by `{{H8022}}`, is the name of an Assyrian king. It is of foreign derivation and appears **2 times** in **2 unique verses** in the Bible. The name exclusively refers to this specific historical figure, a monarch of Assyria.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H8022}}` is documented as a military aggressor against the kingdom of Israel. Shalmaneser first "came up" against Hoshea, the king of Israel, who then became his **servant** and was forced to give him presents [[2 Kings 17:3]]. Later, in the seventh year of Hoshea's reign, Shalmaneser **king** of Assyria "came up" against Samaria and **besieged** it [[2 Kings 18:9]]. These two accounts establish his role as a key antagonist in the final years of the northern kingdom of Israel.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the context of Shalmaneser's actions:
* `{{H4428}}` **melek** (a king): This title is explicitly given to Shalmaneser, defining his role and authority [[2 Kings 17:3]]. The term is used throughout scripture for both earthly rulers, such as David [[2 Samuel 7:18]], and for the LORD as the ultimate **King** of Israel [[Isaiah 44:6]].
* `{{H804}}` **ʼAshshûwr** (Assyria): This identifies Shalmaneser's nation and the empire he ruled [[2 Kings 18:9]]. Assyria is depicted as a major world power and is often described as the instrument that devoured Israel [[Jeremiah 50:17]].
* `{{H6696}}` **tsûwr** (to besiege): This verb describes Shalmaneser's military action against Samaria [[2 Kings 18:9]]. The act of a siege is a recurring theme of judgment and warfare, as when Nebuchadnezzar **besieged** Jerusalem [[Daniel 1:1]].
* `{{H5927}}` **ʻâlâh** (to ascend): This word, translated as "came up," depicts Shalmaneser's military advance against Israel ([[2 Kings 17:3]], [[2 Kings 18:9]]). It is a versatile term that can also describe God bringing his people up from bondage [[Exodus 3:8]] or restoring them [[Jeremiah 30:17]].
### Theological Significance
The brief mentions of `{{H8022}}` carry significant weight within the biblical narrative of God's relationship with Israel.
* **Agent of Conquest:** Shalmaneser's identity as **king** `{{H4428}}` of **Assyria** `{{H804}}` places him within a line of foreign rulers whose actions impact Israel. His campaigns illustrate the historical reality of nations rising to power and subjugating others [[Jeremiah 50:17]].
* **Imposition of Servitude:** The subjugation of Hoshea, who became Shalmaneser's **servant** `{{H5650}}`, marks a critical moment of national decline. This state of bondage stands in stark contrast to Israel's identity as the **servants** of the LORD [[Isaiah 54:17]].
* **Execution of Siege Warfare:** The act of besieging (`tsûwr`, `{{H6696}}`) Samaria is presented as a definitive military engagement. This tactic is used elsewhere by kings acting against God's people, reflecting a pattern of conflict and judgment [[Jeremiah 21:4]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H8022}}` **Shalmanʼeçer** is a specific historical figure whose actions are concisely recorded. Though he appears only twice, his role as the Assyrian **king** who subjugated Hoshea and **besieged** Samaria is pivotal. He represents the tangible, historical forces that interacted with Israel, and his narrative contributes to the broader biblical themes of national sovereignty, servitude, and the consequences of the political and spiritual state of the nation.
TRV