### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **shelem**, represented by `{{H8002}}`, is defined as properly, requital, i.e. a (voluntary) sacrifice in thanks, or a **peace offering**. It appears 87 times across 84 unique verses in the Bible, signifying its important role in Israel's sacrificial system. It is derived from the root word `{{H7999}}` **shâlam**, which means to be safe, complete, or friendly.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical law and narrative, the **peace offering** `{{H8002}}` is frequently presented alongside burnt offerings `{{H5930}}` and meat offerings `{{H4503}}` as a central act of worship ([[Exodus 20:24]], [[Ezekiel 45:17]]). Specific regulations governed its presentation; the animal, whether from the herd `{{H1241}}` or flock `{{H6629}}`, had to be without blemish `{{H8549}}` ([[Leviticus 3:1]], [[Leviticus 3:6]]). A key component was the fat `{{H2459}}`, which was burned `{{H6999}}` by the priest `{{H3548}}` upon the altar `{{H4196}}` [[Leviticus 6:12]]. These offerings were made during appointed feasts `{{H4150}}` and solemn days [[Numbers 10:10]], but also marked moments of national celebration and dedication, such as when Solomon `{{H8010}}` dedicated the temple [[1 Kings 8:63]] or when Saul `{{H7586}}` was made king [[1 Samuel 11:15]]. The act of offering `{{H8002}}` was explicitly linked with rejoicing `{{H8055}}` before the LORD `{{H3068}}` [[Deuteronomy 27:7]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the context and meaning of the **peace offering**:
* `{{H7999}}` **shâlam**: The root verb meaning to be safe, complete, or to make restitution. This connection highlights the peace offering's role in restoring fellowship and bringing a matter to completion before God. Solomon `{{H8010}}` "finished" `{{H7999}}` the house after offering them [[1 Kings 9:25]].
* `{{H2077}}` **zebach**: This noun for sacrifice or the flesh of a slaughtered animal is often used in conjunction with `{{H8002}}`. For example, [[Leviticus 3:1]] refers to the "sacrifice `{{H2077}}` of peace offering `{{H8002}}`."
* `{{H2076}}` **zâbach**: The verb to slaughter an animal, typically for sacrifice. It describes the action performed when presenting a peace offering [[Deuteronomy 27:7]].
* `{{H3722}}` **kâphar**: This word means to make an atonement or to reconcile. Peace offerings `{{H8002}}` were offered to make reconciliation `{{H3722}}` for the house of Israel `{{H3478}}` [[Ezekiel 45:17]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H8002}}` is demonstrated through its various applications in Israel's worship.
* **Voluntary Thanksgiving:** Unlike some required offerings, the peace offering could be a freewill offering `{{H5071}}` or one made to accomplish a vow `{{H5088}}` [[Leviticus 22:21]]. It was to be offered "at your own will" `{{H7522}}`, indicating it was often an expression of gratitude and spontaneous devotion [[Leviticus 19:5]].
* **Communion and Fellowship:** Portions of the peace offering were eaten by the priests `{{H3548}}` and the worshippers ([[Exodus 32:6]], [[Deuteronomy 27:7]]). This communal meal symbolized peace and fellowship with God and with one another. Strict rules about who could partake, and when, emphasized the holiness of this communion ([[Leviticus 7:18]], [[Leviticus 7:21]]).
* **Atonement and Reconciliation:** The offering was instrumental in making atonement `{{H3722}}` and securing forgiveness `{{H5545}}` for sin `{{H2403}}` [[Leviticus 4:26]]. It was a key part of the process for restoring a right relationship with the LORD `{{H3068}}`.
### Summary
In summary, **shelem** `{{H8002}}` represents far more than a simple animal sacrifice. It is a vital concept in Old Testament worship, embodying voluntary thanksgiving, joyful communion, and the means of reconciliation. From the laws given to Moses `{{H4872}}` to the solemnities in Solomon's `{{H8010}}` temple, the **peace offering** served as a tangible way for the people `{{H5971}}` of Israel `{{H3478}}` to restore and celebrate their relationship with God.
TRV