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H7937

שָׁכַר

shâkar /shaw-kar'/ Ask about this word
a primitive root
to become tipsy; in a qualified sense, to satiate with astimulating drink or (figuratively) influence
(be filled with) drink (abundantly), (be, make) drunk(-en), be merry. (Superlative of שָׁקָה.)

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of shâkar — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word shâkar, represented by H7937, is a primitive root meaning to become tipsy or, in a qualified sense, to be satiated with a stimulating drink. Appearing 19 times in 19 unique verses, it describes the state of being drunk or merry, and is also used figuratively for being overcome by a powerful influence. The word is considered a superlative of H8248 shâqâh, "to drink."

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In biblical narratives, H7937 is used to describe both literal and figurative intoxication. Its earliest literal use is in the account of Noah, who drank wine and was drunken in his tent Genesis 9:21. It is also used when Eli wrongfully accuses Hannah of being drunken 1 Samuel 1:14 and when David purposefully made Uriah drunk 2 Samuel 11:13. In a positive context, it describes the merriment of Joseph's brothers, who were merry with him Genesis 43:34. Figuratively, the term often depicts a state of confusion or helplessness as a result of divine judgment. The Lord declares through Isaiah, "they are drunken, but not with wine; they stagger, but not with strong drink" Isaiah 29:9.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words provide a fuller understanding of the concept of intoxication in the scriptures:

  • H7941 shêkâr (strong drink): This noun refers to an intensely alcoholic liquor. It is often used to describe the substance that causes the state of being drunk, as in the warning that strong drink is raging Proverbs 20:1 and that people can stagger from it Isaiah 29:9.
  • H3196 yayin (wine): As the most common intoxicating beverage in the Bible, wine is frequently mentioned as the cause of being drunk. It is the wine that Noah drank before he was drunken Genesis 9:21 and the substance from Babylon's cup that made the nations mad Jeremiah 51:7.
  • H8354 shâthâh (to drink): This verb describes the act of imbibing that leads to the state of H7937. It is used in direct parallel in passages like Haggai 1:6, where the people drink, but are not filled with drink.
  • H8248 shâqâh (to quaff, give a drink): This is the root from which H7937 is derived. It signifies the act of providing a drink, as when one gives his neighbor a drink to make him drunken Habakkuk 2:15.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of H7937 is significant, primarily as a metaphor for divine judgment and spiritual condition.

  • Metaphor for Divine Judgment: God frequently uses the imagery of making nations drunk to describe His wrath. He vows to make drunk Babylon's princes so they sleep a perpetual sleep Jeremiah 51:57 and to make His arrows drunk with blood Deuteronomy 32:42. This state signifies total defeat, confusion, and the inability to resist God's fury.
  • Spiritual Stupor: The state of being drunken, but not with wine, points to a condition of spiritual blindness and affliction Isaiah 51:21. The people are unable to perceive truth, staggering as if intoxicated due to their spiritual state rather than a physical substance.
  • A Sign of Curse or Blessing: The outcome of drinking is tied to one's relationship with God. As a curse for disobedience, the people drink but are not filled with drink Haggai 1:6. In a context of intimate love and blessing, the call is to drink abundantly and be joyful Song of Solomon 5:1.

Summary

In summary, H7937 extends far beyond the simple meaning of being intoxicated. While it describes literal drunkenness and celebratory merriment, its most profound use is as a powerful biblical metaphor. It illustrates the overwhelming nature of God's judgment that leaves nations helpless, the spiritual blindness that afflicts a disobedient people, and the abundant joy found in a right relationship. The word's usage demonstrates how a physical state can vividly portray profound spiritual realities.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Hebrew Old Testament, this word appears as a verb and an adjective across 19 occurrences, inflected in 16 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form. Select any form to read what each part of its name means, and to filter the occurrence list to it.

  • הִשְׁכַּרְתִּי
  • שִׁכְרוּ
  • תִּשְׁכְּרִי
  • הַשְׁכִּירֻ
  • אַשְׁכִּיר
  • תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִי
  • אֲשַׁכְּרֵ
  • יְשַׁכְּרֵ
  • שַׁכֵּר
  • מְשַׁכֶּרֶת
  • יִּשְׁכְּרוּ
  • יִּשְׁכָּר
  • יִשְׁכָּרוּ
  • שָׁכְרָה
  • שָׁכְרוּ
  • שְׁכֻרַת

Related Words

Related

Other entries the study above points to — each one is drawn from a reference it makes. Follow the trail to see how the words connect.

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 19 verses across 11 of the 39 books. Most frequent in Jeremiah (5 verses); never once in the other 28.

2
Genesis
1
Deuteronomy
1
1 Samuel
1
2 Samuel
1
Song of Solomon
4
Isaiah
5
Jeremiah
1
Lamentations
1
Nahum
1
Habakkuk
1
Haggai

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, by grammatical form, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.