### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Aramaic word **ʼôsh**, represented by `{{H787}}`, refers to a **foundation**. It appears 3 times in 3 unique verses in the Bible. This term is used exclusively in the book of Ezra to denote the literal, physical base upon which a significant structure is built, specifically in the context of the reconstruction of Jerusalem and its temple.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H787}}` marks the crucial first step in major building projects following the Babylonian exile. It is used by adversaries of the Jews to report that the returned exiles are rebuilding Jerusalem by joining the **foundations** of the city [[Ezra 4:12]]. The term also appears in the official decree of King Cyrus, which authorized the rebuilding of the house of God and specified that its **foundations** be "strongly laid" [[Ezra 6:3]]. Lastly, it is used to recount the historical start of the project, stating that Sheshbazzar came and laid the **foundation** of the house of God in Jerusalem [[Ezra 5:16]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related Aramaic words clarify the context of laying a foundation:
* `{{H1124}}` **bᵉnâʼ** (to build): This verb is consistently paired with `{{H787}}`, describing the activity of building that follows the laying of the foundation, whether it is the temple or the city walls ([[Ezra 4:12]], [[Ezra 6:3]]).
* `{{H5446}}` **çᵉbal** (strongly laid): Used in direct connection with `{{H787}}`, this term emphasizes the required strength and stability of the temple's base as commanded by King Cyrus's decree [[Ezra 6:3]].
* `{{H3052}}` **yᵉhab** (to give; lay): This word describes the action of placing or setting the foundation, as when Sheshbazzar "laid" the foundation of the house of God, officially commencing the work [[Ezra 5:16]].
* `{{H7792}}` **shûwr** (a wall): This appears in construction reports alongside `{{H787}}`, indicating that the work on the walls and the joining of the foundations were happening concurrently [[Ezra 4:12]].
### Theological Significance
The use of `{{H787}}` highlights several key themes in the post-exilic narrative:
* **Commencement of Restoration:** The laying of the **foundation** is the tangible sign that the work of rebuilding the house of God has begun. It marks the physical re-establishment of a center for worship after years of desolation [[Ezra 5:16]].
* **Royal and Divine Authority:** The foundation is a central element in King Cyrus's decree. The command for it to be "strongly laid" shows the official sanction behind the project, fulfilling a divinely-ordained purpose [[Ezra 6:3]].
* **Focus of Conflict:** For those opposing the rebuilding efforts, the laying of the city's **foundations** is presented as an act of rebellion against the king, making it a source of political and social contention [[Ezra 4:12]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H787}}` is a precise term for a physical **foundation**, but its context within the book of Ezra gives it great significance. It is not merely an architectural term; it represents the beginning of national and spiritual restoration for Israel. The act of laying the foundation is portrayed as the pivotal moment that is both commanded by a king and contested by enemies, underscoring its importance in the history of God's people.
TRV