### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **shûwq**, represented by `{{H7783}}`, is a primitive root that means **to run after or over**, and is used to describe an **overflow**. It appears **3 times** across **3 unique verses** in the Bible, consistently illustrating a state of superabundance.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H7783}}` conveys both divine blessing and ripeness for judgment. In Psalm 65, it describes God's abundant provision, as He **waterest** the earth from "the river of God, which is full of water" to prepare corn for humanity [[Psalms 65:9]]. In the context of restoration, the prophet Joel uses it to promise that "the fats shall **overflow** with wine and oil" as a sign of renewed prosperity [[Joel 2:24]]. Conversely, in a prophecy of judgment, the same imagery is used to declare that "the fats **overflow**; for their wickedness is great" [[Joel 3:13]], indicating that sin has reached its full measure.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the theme of abundance and processing associated with `{{H7783}}`:
* `{{H3342}}` **yeqeb** (fats, press-fat, wine-press): This word refers to the wine-vat or trough that receives the juice from the press. It is the container that is described as overflowing with wine and oil in Joel's prophecies of both blessing and judgment ([[Joel 2:24]], [[Joel 3:13]]).
* `{{H8492}}` **tîyrôwsh** (wine): This term for fresh grape-juice or new wine is what fills and overflows the vats in Joel's vision of restoration [[Joel 2:24]]. It is a tangible sign of the land's fruitfulness.
* `{{H4325}}` **mayim** (water): This is the element of divine provision in [[Psalms 65:9]]. God waters the earth with the "river of God, which is full of **water**," causing the land to overflow with life and produce.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H7783}}` is tied to the concept of fullness and its consequences.
* **Divine Blessing and Restoration:** The word is used to illustrate the tangible results of God's favor. An overflowing vat of wine or a well-watered earth are signs that God is providing for and restoring His people in abundance ([[Joel 2:24]], [[Psalms 65:9]]).
* **Fullness of Iniquity:** The imagery of overflow is also applied to wickedness. When the "fats overflow" because wickedness is great, it symbolizes that sin has reached a point where divine judgment is imminent, much like a harvest that is ripe for the sickle [[Joel 3:13]].
* **God as the Source of Abundance:** In each use, the overflow points back to a source. In Psalms, it is the "river of God" that waters the earth. In Joel, the overflowing vats are a direct result of either God's blessing or the people's transgression, highlighting His ultimate oversight of both prosperity and judgment.
### Summary
In summary, **shûwq** `{{H7783}}` is a potent verb that moves beyond a simple description of a liquid spilling over. It encapsulates the idea of a condition reaching its absolute fullness. Whether depicting the overwhelming generosity of God in blessing His creation or the final measure of wickedness that calls for judgment, this word powerfully illustrates that nothing goes unnoticed and that both grace and sin can reach an overflowing point.
TRV