from רָקַם; variegation of color; specifically, embroidery; broidered (work), divers colours, (raiment of) needlework (on both sides).
Transliteration:riqmâh
Pronunciation:rik-maw'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew noun H7553 (רִקְמָה, *riqmâh*) derives from the verbal root רָקַם (raqam), meaning "to variegate" or "to embroider." At its core, riqmâh signifies "variegation of color" or "multicolored work." Its semantic range extends specifically to "embroidery," "broidered work," and "needlework," often implying a high degree of skill and intricacy. The nuance of "on both sides" (as sometimes implied by the base definition) suggests a sophisticated and complete piece of artistry, where the work is finished and beautiful from any angle. Thus, riqmâh describes textiles that are not merely dyed, but adorned with elaborate patterns and designs using diverse colors, indicative of exceptional craftsmanship and value.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The occurrences of riqmâh in the Hebrew Bible consistently highlight its association with beauty, value, and sacred or royal contexts:
* **Exodus 28:39; 39:29:** Here, riqmâh describes the "checkered tunic" or "tunic of embroidered work" for Aaron and his sons, and the "sash of embroidered work." These are integral components of the priestly vestments, emphasizing the divine command for beauty, precision, and high quality in items dedicated to sacred service. The detailed craftsmanship of these garments underscored the holiness of the priesthood and the meticulous nature of divine instruction.
* **Psalm 45:14:** This psalm, a royal wedding song, depicts the king's daughter (the royal bride) being led to the king "in embroidered apparel" (or "garments of needlework"). This signifies her royal status, exquisite beauty, and the honor bestowed upon her, fitting for a queen. The garment itself is a symbol of splendor and preparation for a sacred union.
* **Ezekiel 16:10, 13, 18:** In this prophetic allegory, God recounts how He adorned Jerusalem (personified as a neglected infant) with lavish gifts, including "embroidered cloth" and "broidered work." This rich clothing, alongside silk and other finery, symbolizes the divine blessings, honor, and covenant faithfulness bestowed upon Israel. It illustrates God's desire to beautify His people and elevate them to a position of dignity and splendor.
* **Ezekiel 26:16:** This verse describes the princes of the coast laying aside their "embroidered garments" in mourning for Tyre's destruction. This indicates that riqmâh was a mark of status, wealth, and luxury among the powerful, whose downfall would necessitate the shedding of such finery.
* **Ezekiel 27:7, 16, 24:** In the lament over Tyre, riqmâh is mentioned in connection with the city's vast trade. It describes the "embroidered linen" from Egypt used for sails, and "embroidered work" traded by Syria and other nations. This reinforces the idea of riqmâh as a high-value commodity, associated with international commerce, wealth, and the sophisticated artistry of various cultures.
* **1 Chronicles 29:2:** King David, in preparing materials for the construction of the Temple, includes "stones for setting and for mosaic work, and for embroidered work." This inclusion in the list of precious materials for God's dwelling place underscores its value and role in contributing to the magnificence and glory of the sacred structure.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word is the verbal root רָקַם (raqam) `{{H7551}}`, from which riqmâh is derived, meaning "to variegate, to embroider." This direct link emphasizes the active process of creating such intricate work.
Other related concepts include:
* **Artisan Skill and Craftsmanship:** The word inherently points to skilled laborers and artisans, particularly those involved in textile arts, such as Bezaleel and Oholiab in the Tabernacle construction [[Exodus 35:35]].
* **Beauty and Adornment:** Riqmâh is consistently used in contexts of aesthetic beauty, splendor, and adornment, particularly for garments and sacred objects.
* **Wealth and Status:** Its association with royalty, priests, and powerful trading nations signifies luxury, high social standing, and economic prosperity.
* **Sacred Garments and Offerings:** Its prominent use in descriptions of the Tabernacle and priestly vestments links it directly to holiness, divine instruction, and the offering of one's finest materials and skills to God.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of riqmâh is multi-faceted:
* **Divine Meticulousness and Holiness:** The detailed instructions for the use of riqmâh in the Tabernacle and priestly garments in Exodus reveal God's meticulousness and His demand for beauty and excellence in worship and sacred service. It underscores that even the aesthetic details contribute to the glory of God and the holiness required in His presence. The intricate and beautiful work reflects the divine order and perfection.
* **Divine Adornment and Covenant Blessing:** In Ezekiel 16, God's act of clothing Jerusalem with riqmâh serves as a powerful metaphor for His lavish grace, covenant faithfulness, and the abundant blessings He bestows upon His people. It illustrates God's desire not only to redeem but also to beautify and elevate His chosen ones to a position of honor and splendor.
* **Human Response and Reverence:** David's preparation of riqmâh for the Temple in 1 Chronicles 29 demonstrates the human response of offering one's finest materials and skilled craftsmanship in reverence to God. It symbolizes dedication, generosity, and the desire to honor God with the best of human endeavor.
* **Symbol of Distinction and Purity:** The use of riqmâh for priestly garments sets them apart, signifying the unique role and holiness of the priesthood. While not explicitly a symbol of moral purity, the beauty and distinctiveness of these garments can metaphorically point to the need for a purified and set-apart people in God's service.
### Summary
The Hebrew word H7553 (רִקְמָה, *riqmâh*) denotes "variegated color" or "embroidered work," signifying intricate, high-quality needlework, often elaborately patterned and multicolored. Its biblical occurrences consistently place it in contexts of significant value, beauty, and honor. Most notably, riqmâh is featured in the descriptions of the Tabernacle and priestly garments, underscoring God's meticulous instructions for sacred space and service, and the precise craftsmanship required. Furthermore, it adorns royalty (Psalm 45) and is used to describe the lavish attire bestowed by God upon Jerusalem (Ezekiel 16), symbolizing divine blessing, honor, and beauty. The word thus encapsulates notions of divine artistry, human skill offered in worship, and the splendor associated with both sacred service and divine favor. It speaks profoundly to God's appreciation for beauty and detail, and His desire to adorn His people and His dwelling place with the finest.
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