a primitive root; to variegate color, i.e. embroider; by implication, to fabricate; embroiderer, needlework, curiously work.
Transliteration:râqam
Pronunciation:raw-kam'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew root `{{H7551}}` (râqam) is a primitive root whose core meaning revolves around the act of "variegating color" or "embroidering." This implies a meticulous process involving the skillful arrangement of multiple colors and intricate patterns to create a visually rich and complex fabric. Beyond simple decoration, the term carries the nuance of "to fabricate" or "to create with curious work," suggesting a high level of craftsmanship, artistic intention, and often, a sense of wonder or intricacy in the finished product. It signifies specialized, detailed work that goes beyond basic weaving, emphasizing artistry and precise execution.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The root `{{H7551}}` appears in the Qal and Pual stems, primarily in the context of sacred textiles and, profoundly, human creation.
* **Exodus 26:36; 27:16; 28:39; 35:35; 36:37; 38:18; 39:29**: In these passages, the term, often appearing as the Qal participle "embroiderer" (רֹקֵם, roqem) or the noun "embroidered work" (מַעֲשֵׂה רֹקֵם, ma'aseh roqem), consistently refers to the intricate textile work for the tabernacle. This includes the curtain for the tent entrance, the screen for the court entrance, and the sash for Aaron and his sons. The work was to be executed with "blue, purple, and scarlet material, and fine twisted linen" ([[Exodus 26:36]]), underscoring the "variegated color" aspect. Significantly, those performing this work were described as individuals "whom the Lord has filled with skill" ([[Exodus 35:35]]), highlighting the divine enablement necessary for such detailed craftsmanship in service to God.
* **Ezekiel 16:10, 13, 18**: Here, the Pual participle רֻקְמָה (ruqmah), translated as "embroidered work" or "embroidered cloth," is used metaphorically. It describes the lavish adornment given to Jerusalem by God, symbolizing His abundant care and provision for His people. "I clothed you with embroidered cloth" ([[Ezekiel 16:10]]) depicts a garment of exceptional beauty and distinction, signifying divine favor and luxury bestowed upon a beloved entity.
* **Psalm 139:15**: This is a singularly profound and metaphorical usage. "My frame was not hidden from you when I was made in the secret place, when I was woven together in the depths of the earth" (עֻשֵּׂיתִי בַּסֵּתֶר רֻקַּמְתִּי בְּתַחְתִּיּוֹת אָרֶץ). The Pual participle רֻקַּמְתִּי (ruqqamti) is often rendered as "skillfully wrought," "intricately formed," or "woven together." This verse likens the formation of a human being in the womb to the meticulous, artistic work of an embroiderer, emphasizing divine craftsmanship, intentional design, and intricate detail in the creation of human life. This usage powerfully brings forth the "fabricate" and "curiously work" aspects of the root's definition.
### Related Words & Concepts
* **`{{H7550}}` (reqem)**: A direct derivative, this noun refers to "variegated stuff" or "embroidered work," directly representing the product of the root `{{H7551}}`.
* **`{{H2803}}` (chashav)**: Often translated as "skillful workman" or "designer," particularly in the context of tabernacle textiles (e.g., מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵׁב). While `{{H7551}}` focuses on the act of embroidering and the resulting variegated patterns, `{{H2803}}` emphasizes the skill of the craftsman in designing complex, often pictorial, patterns. Both were distinct yet complementary skills vital for the tabernacle's construction.
* **Textile Arts and Craftsmanship**: `{{H7551}}` represents a specialized, artistic form within the broader category of textile production in ancient Israel, distinguishing itself from simpler weaving techniques (`{{H7521}}`, `{{H7576}}`).
* **Divine Craftsmanship**: The concept that God is the ultimate artisan and designer is profoundly illustrated by `{{H7551}}`, particularly in the creation of humanity ([[Psalm 139]]) and the detailed instructions for the tabernacle.
### Theological Significance
* **Divine Design and Intentionality**: The use of `{{H7551}}` in [[Psalm 139:15]] is a profound theological statement. It conveys that human life is not a random occurrence but a divinely designed and intricately formed masterpiece. Just as an embroiderer meticulously plans and executes a complex pattern, God "embroidered" each individual with unique and purposeful detail in the womb, affirming the inherent value and sacredness of human life.
* **Holiness and Beauty in Worship**: In the tabernacle context, `{{H7551}}` underscores the importance of beauty, artistry, and meticulous craftsmanship in the service of God. The elaborate embroidered curtains and sashes were not mere decorations; they contributed to the sacred atmosphere, reflecting God's glory and the reverence due to Him. This suggests that the consecration of the finest human skill to God is an act of worship.
* **God's Lavish Provision**: The metaphorical use in [[Ezekiel 16]] illustrates God's abundant grace and provision for His people. The "embroidered cloth" symbolizes the rich blessings and honor bestowed by God, transforming a humble entity into one of splendor. It highlights God's desire to adorn and elevate those He loves.
* **The Creator as Artist**: This word paints a vivid picture of God not only as a powerful creator but also as a meticulous artist who delights in intricate detail and beauty. This aspect of His character, often overlooked, is powerfully revealed through the semantic range of `{{H7551}}`.
### Summary
The Hebrew root `{{H7551}}` (râqam) signifies "to embroider" or "to variegate color," inherently conveying a sense of intricate design, high skill, and artistic craftsmanship. Its primary biblical applications are found in the detailed, multi-colored textile work of the tabernacle, emphasizing the beauty and precision required for sacred worship. More profoundly, it is employed metaphorically in [[Psalm 139:15]] to describe God's meticulous and intentional creation of human beings in the womb, highlighting divine craftsmanship and the inherent value of life. In [[Ezekiel 16]], it symbolizes God's lavish adornment and abundant provision for His people. Ultimately, `{{H7551}}` not only illuminates the ancient art of textile work but also powerfully communicates profound theological truths about God's character as a divine artist, His intentional design in creation, and the significance of beauty and excellence in His service.
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