The Hebrew word rôq, represented by H7536, refers to spittle. It is defined as spittle; spit(-ting, -tle) and appears 3 times across 3 unique verses in the Bible, consistently conveying an act of contempt or a state of physical distress.
In its biblical usage, H7536 denotes acts of deep contempt and moments of personal anguish. In a prophetic passage, the speaker endures "shame and spitting" as a form of suffering Isaiah 50:6. Similarly, Job describes his tormentors who "abhor me" and do not hesitate to "spit in my face" Job 30:10. In a different context, Job uses the term to express his exhaustion, asking for enough of a pause from his suffering "till I swallow down my spittle" Job 7:19.
Several related words provide context for the humiliation and suffering associated with spitting:
- H8581 taʻâb (to loathe, i.e. (morally) detest): This word is directly linked to spitting as an act of contempt. Job states his accusers "abhor" him as part of the reason they spit in his face Job 30:10.
- H5221 nâkâh (to strike): In the context of suffering, this term appears alongside spitting. The prophet endures being given over to the "smiters" in the same passage that mentions "spitting" Isaiah 50:6.
- H4803 mâraṭ (pluck off (hair)): This action of humiliation is also paired with spitting. The same verse describes enduring cheeks given "to them that plucked off the hair" and a face not hidden from "shame and spitting" Isaiah 50:6.
The theological weight of H7536 is found in its powerful symbolism.
- Symbol of Humiliation and Contempt: Spitting is not just a physical act but a potent symbol of rejection and abhorrence, as seen when Job's tormentors express their loathing for him Job 30:10.
- Component of Prophetic Suffering: The act is endured by the servant figure in Isaiah, who "gave" his back to smiters and did not hide his face from "shame and spitting," indicating a willing acceptance of profound disgrace Isaiah 50:6.
- Metaphor for Human Anguish: Job uses the time it takes to swallow his own spittle as a metaphor for the briefest possible moment of relief he desires from his suffering, highlighting his extreme and unrelenting condition Job 7:19.
In summary, H7536 rôq is a specific and potent term for spittle. Though it appears only three times, it is used to illustrate profound concepts. It serves as a stark symbol of human contempt, as shown in the experiences of Job Job 30:10, and is a key element in a prophecy of a figure who willingly endures humiliation Isaiah 50:6. Finally, it is used metaphorically to express the desire for even the smallest respite from overwhelming affliction Job 7:19.
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