from רָקַק in its original sense; emaciated (as if flattened out); lean(-fleshed), thin.
Transliteration:raq
Pronunciation:rak
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew term רַק (raq, `{{H7534}}`) is derived from the verbal root רָקַק (raqaq), which primarily signifies "to spit." However, the lexical definition for רַק (raq) indicates a distinct semantic development, pointing to an "original sense" of being "flattened out" or "lacking substance." This underlying notion gives rise to its core meaning: "emaciated," "lean-fleshed," or "thin." The word describes a physical state characterized by a severe lack of flesh, implying weakness, depletion, and an absence of vitality or robustness. It conveys an image of something reduced, drawn out, or diminished from a fuller state.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The occurrences of רַק (raq, `{{H7534}}`) in the Hebrew Bible are notably concentrated within a single narrative: Joseph's interpretation of Pharaoh's dream in Genesis 41. In this account, the word is exclusively used to describe the "lean-fleshed" cows and ears of grain, contrasting them sharply with their "fat" or "full" counterparts.
* In Pharaoh's initial dream, seven "lean-fleshed" (רַק, raq) and ill-favored cows emerge from the Nile after seven "fat-fleshed" (בְּרִיאוֹת, b'riy'ot, `{{H1277}}`) cows, consuming them ([[Genesis 41:3]], [[Genesis 41:4]]).
* When Pharaoh recounts the dream to Joseph, he reiterates the description of the "lean" (רַק, raq) cows, emphasizing their extreme emaciation ([[Genesis 41:19]], [[Genesis 41:20]], [[Genesis 41:21]]).
* Joseph's divine interpretation explicitly links the "seven lean and ill-favored cows" to "seven years of famine" ([[Genesis 41:27]]), and similarly, the "seven empty, blasted ears" to "seven years of famine" ([[Genesis 41:27]]).
The consistent use of רַק (raq) in this context establishes its primary biblical function as a descriptor of severe physical depletion, directly symbolizing periods of scarcity and famine. The consumption of the fat by the lean vividly portrays the devastating impact of want overcoming abundance, signaling a dramatic shift from prosperity to privation.
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field surrounding רַק (raq, `{{H7534}}`) includes words denoting scarcity, emptiness, and physical deterioration, often in direct opposition to terms of abundance and fullness.
* **Antonyms:** The most prominent antonyms in the biblical text are בְּרִיאוֹת (b'riy'ot, `{{H1277}}`), meaning "fat" or "healthy," used for the cows, and מְלֵאוֹת (m'le'ot, related to `{{H4392}}`), meaning "full," used for the ears of grain. Other related concepts of abundance include שָׂבֵעַ (sabea, `{{H7646}}`), "satisfied" or "full," and רָב (rav, `{{H7227}}`), "much" or "many."
* **Synonyms/Related Concepts:** While no direct synonyms are used in the same context, רַק (raq) aligns with concepts of hunger (רָעָב, ra'av, `{{H7458}}`), desolation (שַׁמָּה, shammah, `{{H8077}}`), and barrenness. The underlying sense of "flattened out" or "lacking substance" connects it to notions of void or emptiness.
### Theological Significance
Though limited in its direct occurrences, the theological significance of רַק (raq, `{{H7534}}`) is profound due to its pivotal role in the narrative of Joseph and Pharaoh.
1. **Divine Sovereignty over Provision and Scarcity:** The appearance of the "lean-fleshed" (רַק, raq) entities in Pharaoh's dream serves as a divinely orchestrated warning. It underscores God's absolute control over the natural world, including the cycles of abundance and famine. The stark contrast between "fat" and "lean" years demonstrates that both prosperity and privation are within God's purview and serve His purposes ([[Genesis 41:32]]).
2. **Prophetic Warning and Preparation:** The vivid imagery of the emaciated cows and blasted ears, interpreted by Joseph, functions as a prophetic revelation of impending judgment in the form of famine. This divine foresight, communicated through a dream and interpreted by a servant of God, highlights God's grace in providing a warning that allows for preparation and preservation of life.
3. **Human Dependence and Vulnerability:** The state of "lean-fleshedness" symbolizes human vulnerability and dependence on divine provision. Without God's sustaining hand, even a powerful nation like Egypt faces utter desolation and death. The shift from "fat" to "lean" represents a catastrophic decline that human ingenuity alone cannot avert without divine intervention and wisdom.
4. **Symbol of Spiritual Condition:** While directly descriptive of physical states, the imagery of "lean-fleshedness" can resonate with spiritual concepts of barrenness, spiritual malnutrition, or a lack of spiritual vitality. A soul that is "lean" lacks the nourishment of God's Word and presence, leading to weakness and susceptibility.
### Summary
The Hebrew word רַק (raq, `{{H7534}}`) primarily describes a state of being "emaciated," "lean-fleshed," or "thin," stemming from a root sense of being "flattened out" or "lacking substance." Its most significant biblical usage is found in Genesis 41, where it vividly portrays the "lean-fleshed" cows and "blasted" ears of grain in Pharaoh's dream. In this context, רַק (raq) serves as a powerful symbol of impending famine and scarcity, directly contrasting with periods of abundance. Theologically, its usage underscores God's sovereign control over creation and providence, His grace in providing prophetic warnings, and the inherent dependence and vulnerability of humanity before the divine sustainer. Though limited in occurrences, the profound narrative in which it appears imbues רַק (raq) with significant meaning concerning divine foresight, judgment, and the cycles of life and sustenance.
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