a primitive root (rather identical with רָבַע through the idea of sprawling 'at all fours' (or possibly the reverse is the order of deriv.); compare אַרְבַּע); properly, to be four (sided); used only as denominative of רֶבַע; to be quadrate; (four-) square(-d).
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **râbaʻ**, represented by `{{H7251}}`, means to be **quadrate** or **four-sided**. It is a primitive root used to describe something as being **foursquare** or **squared**. Appearing **12 times** in **12 unique verses**, its usage is specific, denoting perfect and equal-sided dimensions, often in the context of sacred architecture and objects.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical application, `{{H7251}}` is consistently used to describe the precise, balanced construction of holy items and spaces. The **altar** of burnt offering was to be **foursquare**, with five cubits for its length and five for its breadth [[Exodus 27:1]]. Similarly, the smaller incense altar was also **foursquare**, measuring one cubit by one cubit [[Exodus 30:2]]. The high priest's **breastplate** was designed to be **foursquare** when doubled [[Exodus 28:16]]. This principle extends to the architectural elements of Solomon's temple, where doors and posts were **square** [[1 Kings 7:5]], and to the visionary temple in Ezekiel, where the court and the altar are specified as **foursquare** ([[Ezekiel 40:47]], [[Ezekiel 43:16]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide context for the concept of being square and its application:
* `{{H4196}}` **mizbêach** (an altar): This is one of the most significant objects described as **foursquare**, signifying a place of sacrifice built to divine specifications [[Exodus 38:1]].
* `{{H7253}}` **rebaʻ** (a fourth part, side, square): `{{H7251}}` is the verb form derived from this noun. Both are used together in Ezekiel's vision to emphasize the perfect four-sided geometry of the altar [[Ezekiel 43:16]].
* `{{H520}}` **'ammâh** (a cubit): This unit of measure provides the scale for the objects described as **foursquare**, defining the equal length and breadth that give them their perfect shape, as seen in the dimensions of the incense altar [[Exodus 37:25]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H7251}}` is tied to the concepts of divine order and perfection.
* **Divine Order:** The word is applied to key elements of worship, including the **altar** [[Exodus 27:1]] and the high priest's **breastplate** [[Exodus 39:9]]. Its use suggests that a perfect, stable, and balanced form was required for objects consecrated to God.
* **Architectural Symbolism:** In the descriptions of the tabernacle and temple, the **foursquare** shape denotes completeness and stability. This is seen in the dimensions of sacred courtyards [[Ezekiel 40:47]] and even the land set apart for the sanctuary [[Ezekiel 45:2]].
* **Contrast with Imperfection:** In the construction of the base for the temple, the borders were made **foursquare**, explicitly described as "not **round** `{{H5696}}`" [[1 Kings 7:31]]. This contrast highlights the intentionality and significance of the square shape in sacred design.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H7251}}` is not merely a geometric descriptor but a term loaded with theological weight. It is reserved for items and spaces central to the worship of God, defining the divinely mandated perfection, stability, and completeness of altars, priestly garments, and sacred structures. The use of **râbaʻ** illustrates how physical form was used in scripture to reflect the perfect and orderly nature of God himself.
TRV