a primitive root; properly, to protrude; used only as denominative from קֶרֶס (for alliteration with קָרַע),; to hunch, i.e. be hump-backed; stoop.
Transliteration:qâraç
Pronunciation:kaw-ras'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew root `{{H7164}}` (qâraç) is defined as a primitive root, fundamentally meaning "to protrude." However, its usage in the biblical text is understood as denominative, stemming from `{{H7165}}` (qeres), which refers to a "hook" or "clasp." This etymological connection suggests a semantic development from the act of protrusion to the effect of being bent or held in a curved posture, much like a hook bends or holds. Consequently, the primary derived meanings of `{{H7164}}` are "to hunch," "to be hump-backed," or "to stoop." The word thus describes a physical posture of being bowed or bent downward, often implying a giving way under weight or a natural drooping. The Strong's definition also notes an alliterative connection with `{{H7167}}` (qâra'), "to tear" or "rend," which, while not a direct semantic link, might subtly evoke a sense of collapse or giving way in certain contexts.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The verb `{{H7164}}` appears only once in the Hebrew Bible, specifically in two identical verses describing the construction of the Tabernacle: [[Exodus 26:13]] and [[Exodus 36:18]].
In [[Exodus 26:13]], the text describes the curtains of the tent: "And the cubit on the one side, and the cubit on the other side of that which remaineth in the length of the curtains of the tent, it shall `{{H7164}}` over the sides of the tabernacle on this side and on that side, to cover it." Similarly, [[Exodus 36:18]] reiterates this detail concerning the construction by Bezalel.
Here, `{{H7164}}` is consistently translated as "hang over," "stoop," or "droop." The context is purely descriptive of the physical arrangement of the Tabernacle's outer coverings. The curtains, being longer than the frame, were designed to "stoop" or "hang over" the sides, effectively covering the structure completely. This usage perfectly aligns with the core meaning of bending or drooping. It portrays a deliberate architectural feature, where the material is not taut but allowed to fall naturally, creating a complete enclosure. The word emphasizes the way the fabric yields to gravity and the structure, fulfilling its purpose of covering.
### Related Words & Concepts
The most directly related word is `{{H7165}}` (qeres), "hook" or "clasp," from which `{{H7164}}` is understood to be a denominative. This connection is crucial, as a hook's function involves bending or joining, which directly informs the sense of "stooping" or "hunching."
Other related concepts, though not etymologically linked, include words describing various forms of bending, bowing, or lowliness:
* `{{H3766}}` (kâra'): "to bow down," often in worship or submission, implying a volitional act.
* `{{H7812}}` (shâchâch): "to bow down," "be humbled," "sink down," which can describe physical posture due to weakness, grief, or humility.
* `{{H7582}}` (shâpal): "to be low," "to be abased," referring to a state of lowness or humility.
Unlike these, `{{H7164}}` in its sole biblical occurrence describes an inanimate object's physical state of drooping or bending, not necessarily implying volition, humility, or suffering. However, the underlying concept of a downward posture connects it to the broader semantic field of lowness or decline. The alliterative note with `{{H7167}}` (qâra'), "to tear," while not a direct synonym, might subtly evoke a sense of material giving way or collapsing, aligning with the general idea of a non-rigid, downward movement.
### Theological Significance
Given its singular, descriptive occurrence in the Tabernacle narrative, the theological significance of `{{H7164}}` is primarily indirect and symbolic. The Tabernacle itself is rich with theological meaning, representing God's dwelling among His people and a blueprint for His redemptive plan.
The "stooping" or "hanging over" of the curtains (qâraç) contributes to the overall imagery of the Tabernacle as a place of divine presence and covering:
1. **Divine Enclosure and Protection:** The curtains, by "stooping" over the sides, ensured a complete and secure covering of the sacred space. This can symbolize God's comprehensive protection and the sacred boundary He establishes between Himself and the world, accessible only on His terms.
2. **Order and Precision in Divine Design:** Even in its "drooping" aspect, the curtain's length was precisely specified, indicating that every detail of the Tabernacle's construction, even the way materials settled, was part of God's meticulous and perfect design. There is no accidental sag, but a divinely ordained "stoop."
3. **Humility and Accessibility of God's Presence:** While the word describes inanimate objects, the posture of "stooping" or "bending" can metaphorically allude to God's condescension, His willingness to "stoop down" to dwell among humanity. The very structure of the sanctuary, with its "stooping" curtains, might subtly reflect the divine humility inherent in the Incarnation, where God takes on human form. It is a place where the transcendent God makes Himself immanent and accessible, albeit within His holy boundaries.
### Summary
The Hebrew verb `{{H7164}}` (qâraç) fundamentally means "to protrude," but its biblical usage, derived from `{{H7165}}` (qeres - "hook"), conveys the sense of "to hunch," "to be hump-backed," or "to stoop." Its sole appearance in the Old Testament is found in [[Exodus 26:13]] and [[Exodus 36:18]], where it describes the curtains of the Tabernacle "stooping" or "hanging over" the sides to provide a complete covering. This usage highlights a precise architectural detail, emphasizing the natural drape and full enclosure provided by the curtains. Theologically, while descriptive of an inanimate object, the "stooping" of the curtains contributes to the Tabernacle's symbolism of divine covering, meticulous design, and perhaps subtly, the condescension of God in making His presence accessible within the sacred space.
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