### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **qav-qav**, represented by `{{H6978}}`, is an idiom meaning **meted out**. It is derived from a root word signifying a fastening. This is a rare term in scripture, appearing only **2 times** across **2 unique verses**.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word's usage is highly specific, found exclusively in the book of Isaiah. In both occurrences, it is part of a longer, descriptive phrase identifying a particular group of people. The prophet describes "a nation **meted out** and trodden down" [[Isaiah 18:2]] and "a nation **meted out** and trodden under foot" [[Isaiah 18:7]]. In this context, it characterizes a nation that has been measured and judged, subject to hardship and subjugation.
### Related Words & Concepts
`{{H6978}}` appears alongside several other descriptive terms that clarify its meaning:
* `{{H4900}}` **mâshak**: This word, used for "scattered" in the same verses, has a primary meaning "to draw." It paints a picture of a people who have been drawn out or scattered ([[Isaiah 18:2]], [[Isaiah 18:7]]).
* `{{H4178}}` **môwrâṭ**: Defined as "peeled," this term is used to describe the same nation, adding to the imagery of a people who have been stripped or made smooth ([[Isaiah 18:2]], [[Isaiah 18:7]]).
* `{{H4001}}` **mᵉbûwçâh**: Meaning "a trampling," this word is consistently paired with `{{H6978}}` to describe the nation as "trodden down" or "trodden under foot," emphasizing their oppressed state ([[Isaiah 18:2]], [[Isaiah 18:7]]).
* `{{H958}}` **bâzâʼ**: Meaning to "spoil," this word is used to describe the land of this nation, stating it is a place "whose land the rivers have spoiled" ([[Isaiah 18:2]], [[Isaiah 18:7]]).
### Theological Significance
The significance of `{{H6978}}` is found entirely within its prophetic context in Isaiah 18.
* **Describing a Subjected People:** The term **meted out** is used to characterize a powerful and "terrible" nation that is nevertheless measured, judged, and subjugated [[Isaiah 18:2]].
* **Paired with Hardship:** It is never used alone, but always in conjunction with terms like "scattered," "peeled," and "trodden down," creating a cumulative picture of a people who have endured significant affliction [[Isaiah 18:7]].
* **A Future Role in Worship:** Despite their condition, this very nation—described as "meted out and trodden under foot"—is prophesied to bring "the present unto the LORD of hosts" to "the mount Zion" [[Isaiah 18:7]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H6978}}` **qav-qav** is a highly specialized term used twice in scripture to mean **meted out**. Its sole application in Isaiah 18 describes a nation that is simultaneously formidable and subjugated. Paired with other words of hardship, it paints a picture of a people who have been judged and oppressed, yet are still destined to have a future role in bringing honor to the LORD at Mount Zion.
TRV