from צָפָה; encasement (with metal); covering, overlaying.
Transliteration:tsippûwy
Pronunciation:tsip-poo'-ee
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word tsippûwy (`{{H6826}}`) originates from the root tsaphah (`{{H6822}}`), which carries the core meaning of "to overlay," "to plate," or "to cover." As a noun, tsippûwy refers to the *act* or *result* of this overlaying, specifically an "encasement" or "covering," most often with metal. Its semantic range emphasizes the application of a layer of material, typically precious, onto a base object. This process transforms the appearance and often the perceived value or function of the underlying substance, implying a layer that beautifies, protects, or sets apart.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term tsippûwy (`{{H6826}}`) appears a limited number of times in the Hebrew Bible, almost exclusively within the detailed instructions for the construction of the Tabernacle and its furnishings. Its usage consistently describes the application of gold or, less frequently, bronze plating to wooden or other base materials.
* In the instructions for the Ark of the Covenant, tsippûwy refers to the gold overlay: "You shall overlay it with pure gold, inside and out you shall overlay it" [[Exodus 25:11]]. Here, the term emphasizes the thorough and complete nature of the covering, both visible and concealed.
* Similarly, it describes the gold plating of the altar of incense: "You shall overlay it with pure gold, its top and its sides all around" [[Exodus 30:3]].
* The bronze overlay of the altar of burnt offering is also designated by tsippûwy: "And you shall make its overlay of bronze" [[Exodus 27:2]].
In each instance, tsippûwy highlights the divine mandate for specific materials and craftsmanship in sacred objects. The precious metal overlay signifies the sanctity, glory, and set-apartness of these cultic items, elevating them beyond their common material composition. It is distinct from a simple "covering" in that it denotes a permanent, integrated layer, not merely something draped over.
### Related Words & Concepts
The most direct linguistic relative of tsippûwy (`{{H6826}}`) is its verbal root, tsaphah (`{{H6822}}`), meaning "to overlay" or "to plate." Other closely related terms include the names of the precious metals used for the overlay: zahav (`{{H2091}}`, "gold"), kesef (`{{H3701}}`, "silver"), and nechoshet (`{{H5178}}`, "bronze").
Conceptually, tsippûwy is deeply intertwined with notions of "holiness" (qodesh, `{{H6944}}`) and "glory" (kavod, `{{H3519}}`). The act of overlaying sacred objects with precious metals was a primary means of manifesting their divine character, splendor, and consecrated purpose. It also relates to "beautification" and "consecration," as the application of these materials enhanced both the aesthetic and symbolic value of the objects, setting them apart for exclusive divine service.
### Theological Significance
The tsippûwy of the Tabernacle and Temple furnishings carries profound theological meaning. It underscores the divine standard of excellence, purity, and reverence required for objects dedicated to the worship and service of God. The use of precious metals, particularly gold, symbolizes divine glory, purity, and enduring value.
The overlaying of common materials, such as acacia wood, with gold can be interpreted as a powerful theological statement: the earthly (wood) being sanctified and glorified by the divine (gold). This transformative act signifies God's power to elevate and consecrate, making even ordinary elements radiant with divine purpose. The "inner and outer" tsippûwy of the Ark, for example, conveys a complete and thorough sanctification, emphasizing integrity and the hidden holiness that pervades God's presence.
Ultimately, tsippûwy speaks to the principle that God's presence demands and bestows beauty, order, and perfection. It transforms objects from common to sacred, reflecting God's own character and His desire for a dwelling place among His people that embodies His inherent glory and holiness.
### Summary
Tsippûwy (`{{H6826}}`) denotes an "overlaying" or "encasement," primarily with precious metals, derived from the verb tsaphah (`{{H6822}}`, "to overlay"). Its most significant biblical occurrences are in the detailed descriptions of the Tabernacle and Temple construction, where it refers to the plating of sacred objects like the Ark of the Covenant and various altars with gold or bronze. This act of tsippûwy was not merely for aesthetic appeal but bore profound theological significance, symbolizing purity, divine glory, and the sanctification of materials for God's holy presence. It highlights God's demand for excellence and beauty in worship, transforming common elements into vessels that reflect and manifest divine radiance and purpose.
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