The Hebrew word tsammûwq, represented by H6778, refers to a cake of dried grapes or a bunch (cluster) of raisins. It appears 4 times across 4 unique verses in the Bible. In each instance, it denotes a valuable and easily transportable food source, often given as a gift or as part of larger provisions.
Biblically, H6778 is consistently presented as part of a larger collection of supplies. Abigail brings a hundred clusters of raisins to David as part of a substantial offering to appease him 1 Samuel 25:18. Similarly, Ziba meets David with provisions that include a hundred bunches of raisins 2 Samuel 16:1. The word is also used to describe the provisions brought to David's men with great joy by their kinsmen 1 Chronicles 12:40. In a dramatic instance, a piece of a fig cake and two clusters of raisins are given to revive an exhausted Egyptian, whose spirit returns after he had eaten 1 Samuel 30:12.
Several related words for provisions are frequently mentioned alongside raisins:
- H1690 dᵉbêlâh (cake (lump) of figs): This term for pressed figs often appears with raisins as a staple provision. It is also mentioned as being used medicinally as a lump of figs to heal a boil 2 Kings 20:7.
- H3899 lechem (food... especially bread): As a foundational food item, bread is almost always included in the supplies that feature raisins. Scripture notes that man does not live by bread only, but by every word that proceeds from the LORD Deuteronomy 8:3.
- H3196 yayin (wine): This fermented beverage is another common component of the provisions. Wine is described as something that can be a mocker, and those deceived by it are not wise Proverbs 20:1.
The use of H6778 highlights several practical and symbolic themes:
- Essential Sustenance: Raisins are shown to be a concentrated source of energy, capable of reviving a person near death from starvation and exhaustion after three days without food or water 1 Samuel 30:12.
- Token of Hospitality and Peace: The offering of raisins, as part of a larger gift, serves as an act of peacemaking by Abigail 1 Samuel 25:18 and a gesture of support from Ziba 2 Samuel 16:1.
- Expression of Joy and Abundance: When the tribes unite to support David, the abundant supply of food, including bunches of raisins, is directly linked to the "joy in Israel" 1 Chronicles 12:40.
In summary, H6778 is not merely a dried fruit but a significant element of biblical life. It functions as a practical provision for travelers and armies, a tool for diplomacy and reconciliation, and a symbol of abundance and celebration. Its consistent appearance with other staples like figs H1690, bread H3899, and wine H3196 solidifies its place as a valued commodity for both physical survival and social expression.
TRV