The Hebrew word tsâlâh, represented by H6740, is a primitive root that means to roast. It appears 3 times across 3 unique verses in the Bible. Its use is specific and literal, referring to the act of cooking meat over a fire.
In the biblical narrative, H6740 is used to describe the preparation of food in contexts that highlight both everyday life and moral failings. In Isaiah, it is used twice to illustrate the folly of idolatry. A man takes a piece of wood and uses part of it as fuel, with which he "roasteth roast, and is satisfied" Isaiah 44:16. He later reflects on this act, stating, "I have roasted flesh, and eaten it: and shall I make the residue thereof an abomination?" Isaiah 44:19. In 1 Samuel, the word appears in a scene depicting the corruption of the priesthood, where a servant demands meat "to roast for the priest" before the fat was properly burned as an offering to God 1 Samuel 2:15.
Several related words provide context for the act of cooking and consumption:
- H6748 tsâlîy (roasted): This is the passive participle of H6740, meaning something that is roasted. It is used in combination with its root in Isaiah 44:16, where one "roasteth roast."
- H644 ʼâphâh (to cook, especially to bake): This term for baking is used in parallel with roasting in Isaiah 44:19, where the same fire is used to have "baked bread" and "roasted flesh."
- H8313 sâraph (to be... on fire; burn): This word describes the general act of burning wood for fuel, which enables the specific act of roasting. In Isaiah 44:16, a man "burneth part thereof in the fire" to cook his food.
- H6999 qâṭar (to smoke, i.e. turn into fragrance by fire (especially as an act of worship)): This term for burning a sacrifice is contrasted with roasting for consumption in 1 Samuel 2:15, where the demand for roast meat comes "before they burnt the fat."
The significance of H6740 is found not in a complex theological definition, but in the contexts where this simple act of roasting occurs.
- The Folly of Idolatry: The act of roasting is used in Isaiah to expose the absurdity of idol worship. By using a piece of wood for the mundane task of cooking food to satisfy hunger, it becomes illogical to then worship the remaining part of the same common object Isaiah 44:19.
- Contempt for Sacred Ritual: In 1 Samuel, the demand for meat to roast signifies a grave sin. It shows the priests' sons prioritizing their own desires over God's commands by taking their portion before the fat—the part belonging to the Lord—was burned on the altar 1 Samuel 2:15.
- Physical Sustenance: At its core, to roast is to prepare food for life. The man in Isaiah's prophecy "roasteth roast, and is satisfied" Isaiah 44:16, grounding the passage's spiritual lesson in a fundamental human activity.
In summary, H6740 tsâlâh is a specific and concrete term for roasting food. Though rare, its occurrences are significant. It serves as a narrative device to frame powerful arguments, whether contrasting the sacred with the profane in the case of priestly duties or highlighting the irrationality of idolatry. The word demonstrates how a simple, everyday action can be imbued with profound moral and spiritual weight depending on its scriptural context.
TRV