a primitive root; to open, i.e. break; participle x
Transliteration:pâthath
Pronunciation:paw-thath'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew verb פָּתַת (pâthath, `{{H6626}}`) is a rare primitive root, appearing only once in the Masoretic Text. Its core meaning is "to open" or "to break," specifically in the sense of dividing something into smaller pieces. The context of its sole occurrence suggests a deliberate and precise act of breaking or portioning, rather than a violent or destructive shattering. It implies preparing an item by reducing it into manageable, consumable units. The semantic range is thus narrow, focusing on the careful division of a substance.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole occurrence of פָּתַת (pâthath, `{{H6626}}`) is found in [[Leviticus 2:6]]: "And you shall break it in pieces and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering."
This verse provides instructions for the preparation of a grain offering (*minchah*). Specifically, it refers to a baked grain offering, which could be prepared in an oven, on a griddle, or in a pan (cf. [[Leviticus 2:4]], [[Leviticus 2:5]], [[Leviticus 2:7]]). The command to "break it in pieces" (וּפָתַתָּ אֹתָהּ) is a crucial step in the ritual. This act transforms the baked product from a singular loaf or cake into smaller, distinct portions. This preparation was necessary before the offering could be presented to the priests and a portion burned on the altar as a memorial offering to Yahweh. The breaking ensures that the offering is ready for its sacred purpose, making it suitable for both symbolic consumption by fire and literal consumption by the priests.
### Related Words & Concepts
While פָּתַת (pâthath, `{{H6626}}`) is unique in its single usage, its concept of breaking or dividing is echoed by other Hebrew verbs, though often with different nuances or applications:
* `{{H1234}}` (bāqaʿ): To cleave or split, often implying a more forceful separation, as seen in the splitting of animals for a covenant ceremony ([[Genesis 15:10]]).
* `{{H5408}}` (nāthaḥ): To cut up or dismember, used specifically for the precise cutting of sacrificial animals into their prescribed parts ([[Leviticus 1:6]], [[Leviticus 1:12]]).
* `{{H6536}}` (pāras): To break or divide, often used in the context of breaking bread or distributing portions ([[Isaiah 58:7]], [[Lamentations 4:4]]). This word carries a broader semantic range than פָּתַת.
* `{{H7665}}` (shābar): A general verb for breaking, which can apply to a wide range of objects and situations, from breaking bones to breaking a staff.
The distinctiveness of פָּתַת (pâthath, `{{H6626}}`) lies in its specific application to the delicate, prepared food of the grain offering, suggesting a careful division into portions rather than a general breaking or dismemberment. It implies an act of portioning for sacred use.
### Theological Significance
The singular appearance of פָּתַת (pâthath, `{{H6626}}`) in the context of the grain offering in [[Leviticus 2:6]] carries significant theological weight within the sacrificial system:
* **Meticulous Obedience:** The instruction to "break it in pieces" highlights the meticulous nature of God's commands regarding worship. Every detail, even the preparation of a seemingly simple food offering, was to be performed precisely as prescribed. This underscores the principle that acceptable worship requires strict adherence to divine revelation.
* **Transformation and Consecration:** The act of breaking transforms the baked offering into its final, prepared state for presentation to God. It is part of the process of consecration, making the common (food) holy (offering). The breaking signifies that the worshiper's offering, representing their labor and sustenance, is wholly submitted and prepared for divine acceptance.
* **Portioning for Sacred Economy:** The breaking into pieces facilitates the proper distribution of the offering: a "memorial portion" to be burned on the altar, and the remainder for the priests ([[Leviticus 2:2]], [[Leviticus 2:3]]). This act of division is integral to the sacred economy of the tabernacle/temple, where God's portion is distinct from that which sustains His ministers.
* **Symbol of Humility and Wholeness:** Though broken, the offering remains a complete *minchah*. The act of breaking can symbolize a humble offering, where the worshiper's produce is not presented in its raw, whole form but is processed and divided, reflecting a posture of submission and dependence on God. Each piece, though distinct, contributes to the integrity of the whole offering.
### Summary
The verb פָּתַת (pâthath, `{{H6626}}`) is a unique and singular term in the Hebrew Bible, appearing exclusively in [[Leviticus 2:6]]. Its core meaning is to "break into pieces" or "divide," specifically pertaining to the meticulous preparation of a baked grain offering. This act of breaking was a precise ritual step, essential for transforming the offering into suitable portions for presentation to God and consumption by the priests. Theologically, פָּתַת underscores the divine demand for meticulous obedience in worship, the process of consecration through preparation, and the sacred economy governing the distribution of offerings. It subtly conveys the idea of a humble, yet complete, offering presented in accordance with God's perfect will.
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