or פָּר; from פָּרַר; a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof); ([phrase] young) bull(-ock), calf, ox.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **par**, represented by `{{H6499}}`, refers to a **bullock** or **young bull**. It appears 133 times across 119 unique verses. The term is derived from a root suggesting "breaking forth in wild strength," highlighting the animal's power. It is frequently used in the context of sacrifices and sacred rituals.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical law and narrative, `{{H6499}}` is central to the sacrificial system. It is specified as a primary animal for sin offerings, particularly for the anointed priest and the entire congregation ([[Leviticus 4:3]], [[Leviticus 4:21]]). The process of atonement and hallowing priests for service explicitly required a **bullock** ([[Exodus 29:1]], [[Exodus 29:36]]). Scheduled offerings, such as those at the beginning of the month, also included young **bullocks** [[Numbers 28:11]]. The term is also used symbolically, representing powerful and oppressive enemies in Psalms [[Psalms 22:12]] or serving as a metaphor for judgment [[Jeremiah 50:27]]. In a prophetic context, it represents sincere praise offered in place of animal sacrifice, as in "the calves of our lips" [[Hosea 14:2]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the role and context of `{{H6499}}` in sacrificial and descriptive language:
* `{{H352}}` **ʼayil** (ram): A male sheep noted for its strength, frequently offered alongside a **bullock** in various prescribed sacrifices, such as for burnt offerings and consecrations ([[Job 42:8]], [[Numbers 28:11]]).
* `{{H3532}}` **kebes** (lamb): A young ram, often listed with **bullocks** and rams as part of a complete set of offerings. The LORD expresses displeasure with the mere multitude of such sacrifices without obedience, mentioning the blood of **bullocks**, lambs, and he goats [[Isaiah 1:11]].
* `{{H47}}` **ʼabbîyr** (mighty, bull, strong one): This term emphasizes immense strength and is used poetically alongside **par**. It describes the formidable "strong **bulls** of Bashan" that encircle the psalmist [[Psalms 22:12]] and appears in prophetic imagery of judgment [[Isaiah 34:7]].
* `{{H7794}}` **shôwr** (bullock, ox): Another term for a bovine, sometimes used interchangeably or in close association with **par**. It is contrasted with **par** in a psalm expressing that sincere praise is better than an offering of an "ox or **bullock**" [[Psalms 69:31]], and used in a narrative where a young **bullock** is to be taken for an offering [[Judges 6:25]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H6499}}` is primarily seen in its role within Israel's system of worship and atonement.
* **Atonement for Sin:** The **bullock** was the designated sin offering for the most serious cases, covering the sins of the high priest or the entire congregation ([[Leviticus 4:3]], [[Leviticus 4:15]]). Its blood was essential for cleansing the altar and making atonement, thereby restoring the relationship between God and His people [[Leviticus 16:18]].
* **Consecration for Service:** The hallowing of Aaron and his sons for the priesthood required the sacrifice of a **bullock** [[Exodus 29:10]]. This act signified purification and dedication, setting apart the priests for their unique role in ministering before the LORD.
* **Critique of Empty Ritual:** The prophets use the **bullock** to illustrate that God desires a righteous heart over mere ritual. The LORD declares He takes no delight in the "blood of **bullocks**" from the disobedient [[Isaiah 1:11]]. This culminates in the prophetic call to offer spiritual sacrifices, such as "the calves of our lips," which are more pleasing to God than an animal [[Hosea 14:2]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H6499}}` **par** is a significant term in the Hebrew scriptures, denoting a **bullock** chosen for its strength and value. It is a cornerstone of the Levitical system, indispensable for the highest forms of sin offerings, priestly consecrations, and community-wide atonement. Beyond its literal use in ritual, **par** also serves as a powerful symbol, representing formidable foes [[Psalms 22:12]], divine judgment [[Jeremiah 50:27]], and ultimately, the very nature of acceptable worship when contrasted with sincere praise [[Hosea 14:2]]. The word thus illustrates the transition from physical sacrifice to a deeper spiritual devotion.
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