### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **pâçal**, represented by `{{H6458}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to carve, whether wood or stone; grave, hew.** It appears **6 times** in **6 unique verses**, highlighting its specific application in scripture. Its meaning is focused on the physical act of shaping hard materials through carving or cutting.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical usage, `{{H6458}}` describes significant acts of shaping. God commands Moses to **hew** two tables of stone like the first ones he broke ([[Exodus 34:1]], [[Deuteronomy 10:1]]). Moses carries out this command, hewing the tablets before ascending Mount Sinai to receive God's words ([[Exodus 34:4]], [[Deuteronomy 10:3]]). The term is also used for the foundational work of building the temple, where Solomon's and Hiram's builders **hew** timber and stones [[1 Kings 5:18]]. In a contrasting context, the prophet Habakkuk uses the word to describe the futile work of a maker who has **graven** a worthless image [[Habakkuk 2:18]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the context and meaning of carving and making:
* `{{H6459}}` **peçel** (an idol; carved (graven) image): This noun is directly derived from `{{H6458}}` and refers to the object that has been carved, specifically an idol. It is famously used in the command, "Thou shalt not make unto thee any **graven image**" [[Exodus 20:4]].
* `{{H7665}}` **shâbar** (a primitive root; to burst... break): This word provides a direct contrast to the creative act of hewing. The new tablets had to be hewn by Moses because he **brakest** the first ones [[Exodus 34:1]].
* `{{H3335}}` **yâtsar** (to mould into a form; especially as a potter): While `{{H6458}}` refers to carving from existing material, this word describes forming or molding. It is used of God as the **potter** who forms His people [[Isaiah 64:8]] and also of the idol's maker who has **formed** it [[Habakkuk 2:18]].
* `{{H1382}}` **Giblîy** (a Gebalite... stone-squarer): This term refers to a specific group of people known for their skill in shaping stone. The **stonesquarers** are listed as those who helped **hew** materials for the temple [[1 Kings 5:18]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H6458}}` is demonstrated through its distinct applications:
* **Restoration of Covenant:** The act of hewing the second set of stone tablets is a pivotal moment. It is commanded by God after Moses broke the first set [[Exodus 34:1]]. This makes the action of hewing a foundational step in restoring the covenant, linking the verb `{{H6458}}` to renewal and God's faithfulness.
* **Sanctified Labor:** The word is used to describe the sacred work of preparing materials for the LORD's house [[1 Kings 5:18]] and for the tablets containing His law [[Deuteronomy 10:3]]. This imbues the physical act of carving with holy purpose when done in obedience to God.
* **Profane Creation:** In sharp contrast, `{{H6458}}` is also used to describe the creation of a worthless idol. The prophet Habakkuk uses the term to highlight the foolishness of the maker who has **graven** an image, a "teacher of lies," demonstrating that the same skill can be used for either holy or profane ends [[Habakkuk 2:18]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H6458}}` **pâçal** is a specific verb for carving or hewing hard materials like stone and wood. While its usage is infrequent, its contexts are significant. It appears in passages central to the establishment of Israel's law and the construction of its most sacred space. However, it also serves as a warning against idolatry, showing how human skill in shaping the physical world can be directed toward either divine worship or empty falsehood. The word illustrates that the value of an action is determined not by the skill involved, but by the authority and purpose behind it.
TRV