### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʻervâh**, represented by `{{H6172}}`, primarily denotes **nudity** or **nakedness**. It appears 54 times across 40 unique verses, rooted in the verb `{{H6168}}` ʻârâh, which means to make bare or uncover. While its literal meaning refers to physical exposure, particularly of the pudenda, it is frequently used figuratively to convey concepts of disgrace, blemish, shame, or moral uncleanness.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H6172}}` carries significant weight in both legal and prophetic contexts. The most extensive use is found in Leviticus, where it forms the basis of laws concerning incestuous relationships and sexual purity, repeatedly commanding not to "uncover the **nakedness**" of a close relative [[Leviticus 18:6-19]]. Figuratively, the prophets employ the term to describe the shame and vulnerability of a nation judged for its sins. Jerusalem's unfaithfulness resulted in her **nakedness** being seen by her enemies [[Lamentations 1:8]], and God warns that He will discover Israel's **nakedness** as a consequence of her spiritual whoredoms [[Ezekiel 16:37]]. The term can also describe a land's vulnerability, as when Joseph accuses his brothers of coming to see the **nakedness** of the land [[Genesis 42:9]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning and application of **ʻervâh**:
* `{{H1540}}` **gâlâh** (uncover): This verb is frequently paired with `{{H6172}}` to describe the action of exposing what should be private. It is used in the prohibitions against incest [[Leviticus 18:8]] and in prophecies of judgment where a nation's **nakedness** is uncovered [[Isaiah 47:3]].
* `{{H3680}}` **kâçâh** (to cover): As a direct contrast, this word describes the act of concealing nakedness. Shem and Japheth **covered** their father's **nakedness** [[Genesis 9:23]], and God symbolically **covered** Israel's **nakedness** when He entered into a covenant with her [[Ezekiel 16:8]].
* `{{H2781}}` **cherpâh** (disgrace, shame): This term often appears alongside `{{H6172}}` to emphasize the public disgrace associated with exposure. When Babylon is judged, her **nakedness** will be uncovered and her **shame** will be seen [[Isaiah 47:3]].
* `{{H2154}}` **zimmâh** (wickedness): This describes the moral character of certain prohibited acts involving nakedness, identifying them not merely as violations but as heinous crimes or wickedness [[Leviticus 18:17]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H6172}}` is significant, touching upon themes of covenant, sin, and holiness.
* **Covenant Relationship:** The relationship between God and Israel is portrayed through the metaphor of marriage. God finds Israel exposed and vulnerable, and His first act of covenant love is to cover her **nakedness** [[Ezekiel 16:8]], signifying protection, honor, and intimacy.
* **Consequence of Sin:** The exposure of **nakedness** is a direct consequence of sin and rebellion. When Ham saw his father's **nakedness**, a curse followed [[Genesis 9:22]]. Israel's idolatry leads to judgment where God Himself discovers her **nakedness** [[Ezekiel 23:18]], symbolizing the loss of divine favor and national honor.
* **Divine Holiness:** The presence of God requires absolute holiness. The laws in Leviticus regarding **nakedness** establish moral and physical boundaries for the community. The Lord requires a holy camp, lest he see any "unclean thing" `{{H6172}}` and turn away [[Deuteronomy 23:14]].
### Summary
In summary, **ʻervâh** `{{H6172}}` is a deeply meaningful term that extends far beyond simple nudity. It serves as a cornerstone for biblical laws on sexual morality and family purity [[Leviticus 18:7]]. Figuratively, it is a powerful symbol of the shame, disgrace, and vulnerability that result from sin and judgment [[Lamentations 1:8]]. The word illustrates the profound link between covering and honor versus exposure and disgrace, a principle that applies to human dignity and the sacred covenant between God and His people.
TRV