### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʻiqqêsh**, represented by `{{H6141}}`, describes something that is distorted, false, or crooked. Its base definition is "distorted; hence, false; crooked, froward, perverse." The term appears **11 times** across **11 unique verses** in the Bible, consistently denoting a moral or spiritual deviation from a standard of righteousness.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{H6141}}` is used to characterize individuals, groups, and their actions. It describes the character of a corrupt generation, which is called a "**perverse** and crooked generation" [[Deuteronomy 32:5]]. The term is frequently applied to the heart, with those of a "**froward** heart" being described as an "abomination to the LORD" [[Proverbs 11:20]]. The path of one who is **froward** is depicted as hazardous, filled with "thorns and snares" [[Proverbs 22:5]]. It is also used to describe speech, contrasting the poor who walk in integrity with one who is "**perverse** in his lips" [[Proverbs 19:1]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related Hebrew words provide a fuller context for the meaning of `{{H6141}}`:
* `{{H6618}}` **pᵉthaltôl** (crooked): Defined as "tortuous (i.e. crafty); crooked," this word appears directly alongside `{{H6141}}` to emphasize the twisted nature of a rebellious people [[Deuteronomy 32:5]].
* `{{H6617}}` **pâthal** (shew self froward): This word, meaning to be "morally tortuous," is used to describe God's response to the froward, stating "with the froward thou wilt **shew thyself froward**" [[Psalms 18:26]].
* `{{H8549}}` **tâmîym** (upright): Meaning "entire... perfect... upright," this word is often set in direct opposition to `{{H6141}}`. For example, the Lord delights in the **upright** in their way, in contrast to the froward heart which is an abomination to him [[Proverbs 11:20]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H6141}}` is significant, highlighting a state of being that is contrary to God's nature and will.
* **A State of Opposition:** To have a "**froward** heart" is to be in a state that is an "abomination to the LORD" [[Proverbs 11:20]]. This establishes perversity as a direct moral offense against God.
* **Internal and External Corruption:** The term identifies a corruption that begins in the heart and manifests outwardly. A "**froward** heart" finds no good, and a perverse tongue leads to mischief [[Proverbs 17:20]]. It is a quality of "ways" that are crooked [[Proverbs 28:6]].
* **A Principle of Divine Response:** Scripture presents a principle where God's disposition toward a person reflects their own. While He shows Himself pure to the pure, to the **froward** He will "shew thyself unsavoury" `{{H6617}}` [[2 Samuel 22:27]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H6141}}` **ʻiqqêsh** is a term that defines more than simple crookedness; it points to a deep-seated moral and spiritual perversity. It characterizes a heart, speech, and way of life that is distorted and in opposition to divine standards of uprightness and purity. The use of this word in scripture serves as a strong warning about the nature of such corruption and its consequences.
TRV