### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʻâzaq**, represented by `{{H5823}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to grub over; fence about**. It appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the Bible. Its singular use describes the action of enclosing and preparing a plot of land for cultivation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole biblical occurrence of `{{H5823}}` is in [[Isaiah 5:2]], where it sets the stage for the parable of the vineyard. The verse describes God's meticulous care for His people, allegorically portrayed as a vineyard. The first action taken is to **fence** it, signifying protection and separation. This act is part of a sequence of careful preparations that includes gathering stones, planting a choice vine, building a tower, and hewing out a winepress, all in anticipation of a fruitful harvest [[Isaiah 5:2]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its single context in [[Isaiah 5:2]] illustrate the complete process of establishing the vineyard:
* `{{H5619}}` **çâqal** ((cast, gather out, throw) stone(-s), [idiom] surely): This word is used for clearing the land for planting, as in "gathered out the stones thereof" [[Isaiah 5:2]], but is also used elsewhere for the act of stoning as a form of judgment [[1 Kings 21:13]].
* `{{H5193}}` **nâṭaʻ** (to plant (literally or figuratively)): After preparing the ground, the owner **planted** it with the choicest vine [[Isaiah 5:2]]. This word is used both for literal planting and for God's establishment of His people [[Jeremiah 24:6]].
* `{{H1129}}` **bânâh** (to build (literally and figuratively)): This describes the construction of a tower for protection within the vineyard [[Isaiah 5:2]]. The term is widely used for building everything from houses to cities, with the ultimate success of the work depending on the LORD [[Psalms 127:1]].
* `{{H2672}}` **châtsab** (to cut or carve, hew): This word describes the final step of hewing a winepress out of the rock in anticipation of the harvest [[Isaiah 5:2]]. It is similarly used for hewing out cisterns [[Jeremiah 2:13]] and pillars [[Proverbs 9:1]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H5823}}` is derived entirely from its singular use in the parable of the vineyard.
* **Divine Preparation:** The act to **fence** the vineyard is the first in a series of careful, deliberate actions. It illustrates God's investment and thorough preparation in establishing His people, Israel.
* **Protection and Separation:** By fencing the vineyard, the owner sets it apart and protects it from outside forces. This act symbolizes God setting Israel apart as a treasured possession, distinct from other nations.
* **Covenantal Expectation:** The effort of fencing, clearing, and building creates a clear expectation of a positive result. The subsequent disappointment when the vineyard yields "wild grapes" frames the entire parable as a story of covenant, responsibility, and judgment [[Isaiah 5:2]].
### Summary
In summary, while `{{H5823}}` appears only once, its role is pivotal. It is not merely about agriculture but about divine action. The act to **fence about** introduces the powerful metaphor of God's vineyard, symbolizing his meticulous preparation, protection, and covenantal expectations for His people. It demonstrates how a single, specific action verb can anchor a profound theological illustration of God's relationship with Israel.
TRV