The Hebrew word ʻâzaz, represented by H5810, is a primitive root meaning to be stout, harden, impudent, prevail, or strengthen. It appears 12 times in 12 unique verses, indicating a specific but significant role in scripture. Its application ranges from the physical force of a prevailing army to the figurative hardening of one's face in wickedness.
In the biblical narrative, H5810 is used to express different kinds of strength and resolve, both righteous and unrighteous. It describes military victory, as when the hand of the Midianites prevailed against Israel Judges 6:2. In a spiritual context, it is used in a plea for God to act, so that mortal man may not prevail Psalms 9:19. The word also carries negative connotations, such as a wicked man who hardeneth his face Proverbs 21:29 or a man who strengthened himself in his wickedness Psalms 52:7. Conversely, wisdom strengtheneth the wise Ecclesiastes 7:19.
Several related words expand upon the concept of strength and power:
- H4581 mâʻôwz (a fortified place; ... strength(-en), ... strong (hold)): Derived from ʻâzaz, this noun often refers to God as a defense or fortress. It is used to describe the LORD as the strength of life Psalms 27:1 and the strength of the children of Israel Joel 3:16.
- H5797 ʻôz (strength in various applications ... power, strength, strong): Also from ʻâzaz, this word denotes inherent might and security. The LORD is described as a refuge and strength Psalms 46:1, and His name is called a strong tower Proverbs 18:10.
- H3027 yâd (a hand ... force, ... power, ... strength): As a symbol of action and ability, "hand" is frequently associated with power. God's hand is described as strong Psalms 89:13, and it is through His power that a judge's hand prevailed over an enemy Judges 3:10.
- H6965 qûwm (to rise ... strengthen): This verb, meaning to rise or stand, is used in petitions for God to arise and prevent man from prevailing Psalms 9:19, and it affirms that the counsel of the LORD is what will stand Proverbs 19:21.
The theological weight of H5810 is demonstrated in its use to contrast divine power with human fallibility.
- Source of True Strength: The word highlights the error of relying on human power. Those who trust in Pharaoh seek to strengthen themselves in his strength Isaiah 30:2, and a wealthy man who forsook God strengthened himself in wickedness Psalms 52:7.
- God's Prevailing Might: ʻâzaz affirms God's ultimate power over creation and history. He strengthened the fountains of the deep Proverbs 8:28, and His hand is described as strong Psalms 89:13.
- A Plea for Divine Intervention: The word is frequently found in prayers. The psalmist implores God to strengthen the work He has done for His people Psalms 68:28 and to arise so that humanity does not prevail Psalms 9:19.
In summary, H5810 is a dynamic verb that captures the active nature of strength. It is used to describe everything from military dominance and creative power to defiant impudence. Its usage consistently points to a core biblical theme: lasting strength and the ability to prevail come not from human effort, riches, or wickedness, but from God alone, who is the ultimate source of all power.
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