The Hebrew word ʻĂdîynâʼ, represented by H5721, is a proper name, Adina. Derived from a root suggesting "effeminacy," it appears 1 time across 1 unique verse in the Bible. Its sole use is to identify a specific Israelite individual.
The single biblical reference to H5721 occurs in a genealogical list of David's mighty men. In this context, Adina is identified as "the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a captain of the Reubenites, and thirty with him" 1 Chronicles 11:42. This verse establishes his identity through his father, his tribe (Reuben), and his rank as a military leader who commanded a group of men.
Two related words appear in the same verse, providing context for Adina's identity and role:
- H1121 bên (a son): This word establishes lineage and is used to identify Adina as the son of Shiza 1 Chronicles 11:42. It is a foundational term for family structure and generational identity, seen in calls to teach future generations Deuteronomy 4:9 and in identifying the "sons of men" Psalms 31:19.
- H7218 rôʼsh (the head): This term signifies leadership and rank. It is used to describe Adina as a captain of the Reubenites 1 Chronicles 11:42. The word can denote a literal head Genesis 3:15 or a figurative one, as in a ruler or chief, and is even used to describe God as "head above all" 1 Chronicles 29:11.
While not a theological term itself, the usage of H5721 carries conceptual weight within the biblical narrative.
- Contrasting Identity: The base definition of the name Adina suggests "effeminacy," yet the person is documented as a military "captain" 1 Chronicles 11:42, highlighting that a person's role and character are not defined by their name's etymology.
- Historical Record: Adina's inclusion in the list of mighty men serves a historical and genealogical purpose, cementing his place as a notable leader from the tribe of Reuben within the kingdom of Israel.
- Individual Significance: The mention of "thirty with him" underscores his position of authority and responsibility, marking him as a significant figure in his community, even with only a single mention in scripture.
In summary, H5721 is the proper name Adina, appearing once in the Old Testament. Its significance comes from its context, where it identifies a specific Reubenite military captain in a list of distinguished warriors. The name's appearance illustrates the Bible's attention to historical detail and shows how an individual's documented role can provide a fuller picture than etymology alone.
TRV