### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʻabdûwth**, represented by `{{H5659}}`, defines a state of **servitude** or **bondage**. It appears only **3 times** across **3 unique verses**, making each usage significant. The term consistently points to a condition of subjugation and hardship from which divine intervention is needed.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical occurrences, `{{H5659}}` is presented in two distinct contexts. In Nehemiah, it is the state the Israelites desired to return to out of their **rebellion** `{{H4805}}`, having refused `{{H3985}}` to obey `{{H8085}}` God [[Nehemiah 9:17]]. Conversely, in Ezra, **bondage** is the present reality of the people, a condition within which God demonstrates His faithfulness. Despite their state, God provides "a little reviving `{{H4241}}` in our **bondage**" [[Ezra 9:8]] and has "not forsaken `{{H5800}}` us in our **bondage**," but instead extended `{{H5186}}` mercy `{{H2617}}` to them [[Ezra 9:9]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning and theological context of **bondage**:
* `{{H5650}}` **ʻebed** (a servant): The direct source word, used to describe the people as **bondmen**. It highlights that even in this state, God did not forsake them [[Ezra 9:9]].
* `{{H4805}}` **mᵉrîy** (rebellion): This is identified as the cause for seeking out bondage. It was "in their **rebellion**" that the people appointed a captain to return to servitude [[Nehemiah 9:17]].
* `{{H4241}}` **michyâh** (reviving, sustenance): This word stands in stark opposition to bondage, representing the hope and life God gives His people even while they are in a state of servitude ([[Ezra 9:8]], [[Ezra 9:9]]).
* `{{H2617}}` **chêçêd** (kindness, mercy): This is God's response to His people's bondage. His **mercy** is extended to them in their hardship, showing that their condition does not negate His compassion [[Ezra 9:9]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H5659}}` is significant despite its rare use. It reveals key truths about the relationship between God and humanity:
* **A State of Rebellion:** Bondage is linked to a willful rejection of God's guidance. The desire to return `{{H7725}}` to **bondage** is an act of rebellion `{{H4805}}` and a refusal `{{H3985}}` to follow God [[Nehemiah 9:17]].
* **An Arena for God's Mercy:** The state of servitude serves as the backdrop against which God's character is revealed. It is precisely "in our **bondage**" that God shows He has not forsaken `{{H5800}}` His people but provides reviving `{{H4241}}` and extends kindness `{{H2617}}` [[Ezra 9:9]].
* **The Contrast to Divine Escape:** The term underscores the grace of God's deliverance. God's provision of "a remnant to escape" `{{H6413}}` stands in direct contrast to the grim reality of **bondage** [[Ezra 9:8]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5659}}` is a focused term for **servitude** and **bondage** that carries profound meaning. It illustrates a state of hardship that is either chosen through rebellion or endured as a circumstance where God’s faithfulness is proven. Ultimately, the word functions to magnify God's mercy `{{H2617}}` and power to provide reviving `{{H4241}}` in the face of human disobedience and suffering.
TRV