from סָעַף; divided (in mind), i.e. (concretely) a skeptic; thought.
Transliteration:çêʻêph
Pronunciation:say-afe'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew term `{{H5588}}` (סֵעֵף, *çêʻêph*) is derived from the root סָעַף (saʻaph), which carries the primary sense of "to divide," "to branch off," or "to be divided." This etymological root is crucial for understanding the core meaning of `{{H5588}}`. Consequently, `{{H5588}}` denotes a state of being "divided in mind," implying internal conflict, hesitation, or indecision. It can refer to "divided thoughts" or, concretely, to a "skeptic" – one whose mind is not unified in belief or purpose. The semantic range thus encompasses the internal struggle of doubt, wavering loyalty, or a lack of singular focus, contrasting with wholeheartedness and unwavering conviction.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term `{{H5588}}` appears only once in the Hebrew Bible, in [[Psalm 119:113]]. The verse reads: "I hate *divided thoughts*, but I love Your law."
In this singular occurrence, the psalmist expresses a profound aversion to "divided thoughts." The parallelism with "but I love Your law" is highly significant. It sets up a clear antithesis: internal division and wavering are contrasted with a steadfast, unwavering devotion to God's divine instruction.
The "divided thoughts" (`{{H5588}}`) here likely refer to thoughts that pull one in multiple directions, perhaps between fidelity to God and worldly desires, or between trust in God and succumbing to doubt. The psalmist's declaration of hatred for such thoughts underscores their detrimental nature to spiritual integrity and highlights the unifying power of God's law. The law, as revealed truth, provides clarity, direction, and a singular focus, thereby counteracting the fragmentation of the mind. This verse serves as a powerful testament to the spiritual danger of an internally conflicted heart.
### Related Words & Concepts
The most direct linguistic relative of `{{H5588}}` is its root, סָעַף (saʻaph), which signifies the act or state of division. This root is also found in contexts describing physical branching or division.
In the New Testament, a strong conceptual parallel to `{{H5588}}` is found in the Greek term δίψυχος (dipsychos, `{{G1374}}`), often translated as "double-minded." This word appears in [[James 1:8]] ("he is a double-minded man, unstable in all his ways") and [[James 4:8]] ("Purify your hearts, you double-minded"). Both `{{H5588}}` and `{{G1374}}` describe an individual whose mind or heart is split, leading to instability and an inability to fully commit to God.
Another related concept is διακρίνω (diakrino, `{{G1252}}`), which can mean "to doubt" or "to waver" (e.g., [[James 1:6]]). The opposite of `{{H5588}}` would be concepts like wholeheartedness, singular devotion, steadfastness, and unwavering faith, which are often commended throughout Scripture (e.g., [[Deuteronomy 6:5]], [[Matthew 22:37]]).
### Theological Significance
The solitary appearance of `{{H5588}}` in [[Psalm 119:113]] carries significant theological weight. It highlights the spiritual danger of an internally divided mind. Such division can manifest as doubt, indecision, or a lack of single-minded devotion to God. The psalmist's strong declaration of hatred for "divided thoughts" underscores the biblical emphasis on wholeheartedness and integrity in one's relationship with God.
Theologically, `{{H5588}}` speaks to the necessity of an undivided heart in worship and obedience. God desires complete allegiance, not a fragmented loyalty. Divided thoughts are antithetical to the very nature of faith, which requires trust and commitment. The contrast with "I love Your law" suggests that God's revealed word is the antidote to such internal fragmentation. By immersing oneself in and adhering to God's law, one's thoughts and intentions are unified, leading to spiritual stability and a deeper, more consistent walk with God. This word serves as a subtle yet profound warning against spiritual vacillation and a call to unwavering devotion.
### Summary
The Hebrew word `{{H5588}}` (סֵעֵף, *çêʻêph*) fundamentally describes a state of being "divided in mind," encompassing concepts of doubt, hesitation, or skepticism. Though appearing only once in the Hebrew Bible, in [[Psalm 119:113]], its context is highly instructive. The psalmist's fervent declaration, "I hate *divided thoughts*, but I love Your law," powerfully contrasts internal fragmentation with the unifying and stabilizing power of God's divine instruction. This word serves as a profound theological statement on the importance of wholehearted devotion and the spiritual peril of a wavering, double-minded heart, echoing the New Testament concept of being "double-minded" (`{{G1374}}`). It underscores the biblical call for singular focus and unwavering commitment in one's walk with God, finding stability and clarity in His revealed will.
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