properly, active participle feminine of סָחַר; something surrounding the person, i.e. a shield; buckler.
Transliteration:çôchêrâh
Pronunciation:so-khay-raw'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew term סֹחֵרָה (transliterated *çôchêrâh*, Strong's `{{H5507}}`) is derived from the verbal root סָחַר (`{{H5503}}`, *sāḥar*), which fundamentally means "to go around," "to travel about," or "to encompass." This root is also associated with trade or commerce, implying movement in circles or going about for business. When applied to *çôchêrâh*, which is an active participle feminine form, the core meaning shifts to "that which surrounds" or "that which encompasses." In the context of ancient warfare and personal defense, this naturally refers to a protective device that encircles or shields the individual. Therefore, *çôchêrâh* specifically denotes a type of shield or buckler, emphasizing its function as something that provides comprehensive protection by surrounding the body. Unlike larger, static shields, a buckler is typically smaller and more agile, allowing for closer, more encompassing defense.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term סֹחֵרָה (*çôchêrâh*, `{{H5507}}`) appears only once in the Hebrew Bible, found in [[Psalm 91:4]]. The verse reads: "He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings shalt thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield and buckler."
In this singular occurrence, *çôchêrâh* is juxtaposed with מָגֵן (*māḡēn*, `{{H4043}}`), another common Hebrew word for "shield." The parallelism here is significant: "His truth (*'emeth*, `{{H571}}`) shall be thy shield (*māḡēn*) and buckler (*çôchêrâh*)." The imagery is profoundly metaphorical, portraying God's faithfulness and truth as the ultimate defense for the one who trusts in Him.
The preceding phrases in [[Psalm 91:4]] speak of God covering and providing refuge "under His wings" – a tender, nurturing image of protection, reminiscent of a bird sheltering its young. The introduction of "shield" (*māḡēn*) and "buckler" (*çôchêrâh*) then transitions to a more martial, yet equally reassuring, metaphor. The combination of *māḡēn* (a larger shield, often providing broad coverage) and *çôchêrâh* (a buckler, emphasizing close, encompassing defense) suggests a complete and multifaceted protection. The unique aspect of *çôchêrâh*, stemming from its root meaning of "surrounding," highlights the idea that God's truth envelops the believer, leaving no vulnerability exposed. It is not merely a barrier, but an active, encircling safeguard.
### Related Words & Concepts
To fully appreciate *çôchêrâh*, it is helpful to consider its relationship to other Hebrew terms for defensive armaments and the broader concept of divine protection.
* **Root סָחַר (*sāḥar*, `{{H5503}}`):** The foundational meaning of "to go around" or "to encompass" is crucial. While *sāḥar* often refers to trade (e.g., "merchant," "to trade about"), the sense of "surrounding" or "encircling" is directly relevant to *çôchêrâh*. This connection underscores the idea of a shield that completely surrounds or protects.
* **מָגֵן (*māḡēn*, `{{H4043}}`):** This is the most common Hebrew word for "shield" and appears frequently, often metaphorically for God's protection (e.g., [[Genesis 15:1]], [[Psalm 3:3]]). In [[Psalm 91:4]], its pairing with *çôchêrâh* suggests a complementary relationship, indicating both broad and close-quarters defense.
* **צִנָּה (*ṣinnāh*, `{{H6793}}`):** Refers to a large shield, often a full-body shield, implying heavy protection (e.g., [[1 Samuel 17:7]], [[Psalm 35:2]]). While *ṣinnāh* emphasizes size and immobility, *çôchêrâh* implies a more dynamic, encompassing defense.
* **שֶׁלֶט (*šeleṭ*, `{{H7982}}`):** Another term for a small shield or buckler, often used in a general sense (e.g., [[2 Samuel 8:7]]).
* **Divine Protection:** The concept of God as a protector is pervasive in the Psalms and throughout Scripture. Terms like "refuge" (מַחְסֶה, *maḥseh*, `{{H4268}}`), "fortress" (מִשְׂגָּב, *misgāb*, `{{H4869}}`), and "rock" (צוּר, *ṣûr*, `{{H6697}}`) all contribute to this theological theme. *Çôchêrâh* adds a specific nuance to this protective imagery, emphasizing the encircling and comprehensive nature of God's defense.
### Theological Significance
The singular appearance of *çôchêrâh* in [[Psalm 91:4]] imbues it with profound theological significance, particularly within the context of divine faithfulness and protection. The verse declares that God's "truth" (*'emeth*) serves as this comprehensive defense.
1. **God's Faithfulness as Protection:** The identification of God's *'emeth* (truth, faithfulness, reliability) as the "shield and buckler" is central. This signifies that God's very character – His unswerving commitment to His covenant promises and His unwavering integrity – is the ultimate source of security for the believer. It is not a physical barrier, but a spiritual and relational safeguard.
2. **Comprehensive and Encompassing Defense:** The unique meaning of *çôchêrâh* as "that which surrounds" reinforces the idea of God's protection being total and pervasive. It suggests that His faithfulness envelops the individual, covering all angles and leaving no part exposed to harm. This aligns with the preceding imagery of being covered "under His wings," presenting a holistic picture of divine care that is both tender and robust.
3. **Active and Dynamic Security:** Unlike a static wall, a buckler is wielded actively in defense. This implies that God's protection is not passive but an active, dynamic engagement on behalf of His people. His truth is not merely a concept but a living reality that actively defends and preserves.
4. **Assurance for the Trusting Heart:** For the one who "trusts" (חָסָה, *ḥāsāh*, `{{H2620}}`) under God's wings, the promise of His truth as a *çôchêrâh* offers deep assurance. It speaks to a security that transcends physical threats, rooted in the unchangeable character of God Himself.
### Summary
The Hebrew word סֹחֵרָה (*çôchêrâh*, `{{H5507}}`) is a unique and potent term, appearing only once in [[Psalm 91:4]]. Derived from the root meaning "to go around" or "to encompass," it denotes a buckler or small shield that provides comprehensive, surrounding protection. In its sole biblical context, *çôchêrâh* is paired with *māḡēn* ("shield") to describe God's "truth" (*'emeth*) as the ultimate defense for the one who takes refuge in Him. Theologically, it highlights the profound truth that God's unwavering faithfulness and integrity act as an active, encompassing safeguard, enveloping the believer completely and providing a dynamic, inviolable security against all threats. It underscores the comprehensive and personal nature of divine protection, rooted in God's very character.
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