The Hebrew word nᵉshîyqâh, represented by H5390, is a noun meaning a kiss. It is derived from the verb H5401 and appears only 2 times in 2 unique verses, making its direct occurrences quite rare. Despite its limited use, the word captures a potent symbol of affection, desire, and potential deception.
The two appearances of H5390 establish a powerful contrast. In Song of Solomon, it expresses a deep longing for intimacy, with the speaker exclaiming, "Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth" Song of Solomon 1:2. Conversely, in Proverbs, it serves as a warning about false friendship: "Faithful are the wounds of a friend; but the kisses of an enemy are deceitful" Proverbs 27:6. These contexts show how the same act can signify either profound love or dangerous betrayal.
Several related words expand upon the meaning and context of a kiss:
- H5401 nâshaq (to kiss): This is the root verb from which H5390 is derived. Its meaning extends beyond simple affection to include acts of homage Psalms 2:12, anointing for a sacred office 1 Samuel 10:1, and even idolatrous worship Hosea 13:2. It can also be used figuratively, as when righteousness and peace are said to have kissed each other Psalms 85:10.
- H6310 peh (mouth): This word is directly linked to H5390 in the passionate request from Song of Solomon 1:2. The mouth is presented not only as the instrument of a kiss but also as the source of God's words Jeremiah 1:9 and a vessel for continual praise Psalms 34:1.
The theological weight of H5390 and its related verb is significant, highlighting key spiritual principles.
- True vs. False Allegiance: The contrast between a friend's wound and an enemy's kiss Proverbs 27:6 is a powerful metaphor for discerning true loyalty from false worship. This is further illustrated by the prohibition against kissing idols like Baal 1 Kings 19:18, which represents a profound spiritual betrayal.
- Covenantal Intimacy: The desire for the kisses of a beloved's mouth Song of Solomon 1:2 reflects the deep intimacy inherent in a covenant relationship. This idea is echoed figuratively when mercy and truth meet and righteousness and peace kiss Psalms 85:10, symbolizing the restoration of divine-human harmony.
- Homage and Submission: The act of kissing serves as a physical sign of submission and honor. This is seen in the command to kiss the Son as an act of homage Psalms 2:12 and in Samuel anointing Saul with a kiss to signify his new role as captain over God's inheritance 1 Samuel 10:1.
In summary, H5390 nᵉshîyqâh, while rare, provides a focused look at the dual nature of a kiss in scripture. It can be an expression of the deepest love and desire or a symbol of the most deceitful betrayal. When viewed alongside its root verb, it becomes clear that this simple act carries immense weight, signifying everything from intimate affection to covenantal allegiance and solemn acts of worship.
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