from נָסַךְ; properly, something poured out, i.e. a libation; also a molten image; by implication, a prince (as anointed); drink offering, duke, prince(-ipal).
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **nᵉçîyk**, represented by `{{H5257}}`, holds a dual meaning rooted in the idea of being "poured out." Its definition includes **drink offering, duke, prince(-ipal)**, and also a molten image. It appears **6 times** across **6 unique verses**, illustrating its specific application in contexts of both religious offerings and human leadership.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H5257}}` refers to both a ritual act and a position of authority. In Deuteronomy, it describes the "drink offerings" poured out to false gods [[Deuteronomy 32:38]]. More frequently, it denotes human leaders. In Joshua, the term is translated as "dukes" to describe the subordinate rulers of Sihon [[Joshua 13:21]]. It is also used for the "princes of the north" [[Ezekiel 32:30]] and the "principal men" raised up to defend against the Assyrian [[Micah 5:5]]. In Daniel, it is used for "princes" carried into captivity along with idols, suggesting a connection to molten images [[Daniel 11:8]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the concept of leadership associated with `{{H5257}}`:
* `{{H5387}}` **nâsîyʼ** (prince, chief, ruler): In [[Joshua 13:21]], both words appear, with **nâsîyʼ** describing the "princes" of Midian and `{{H5257}}` describing the "dukes" under Sihon's authority, highlighting different levels of leadership.
* `{{H5081}}` **nâdîyb** (noble, prince): This word is used in parallel with `{{H5257}}` in [[Psalms 83:11]], where a prayer is made against enemy "**nobles**" and "**princes**," treating the terms as synonymous ranks of leadership.
* `{{H4428}}` **melek** (king): This term for a supreme ruler provides contrast. The "dukes" `{{H5257}}` in [[Joshua 13:21]] are subjects of Sihon, the **king** `{{H4428}}` of the Amorites, defining their place in a political hierarchy.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H5257}}` comes from its distinct applications, reflecting themes of worship and authority.
* **Poured-Out Offerings:** The word's most literal sense is that of a "drink offering," or libation [[Deuteronomy 32:38]]. This act of pouring something out represents a form of sacrifice or devotion, whether to God or to idols.
* **Anointed or Appointed Rulers:** The term consistently signifies a leader, prince, or duke. These are figures of earthly power, such as the "dukes of Sihon" [[Joshua 13:21]] or the "principal men" of Israel [[Micah 5:5]]. This usage implies a status that is bestowed or "poured upon" them, akin to an anointing.
* **Idolatry and False Authority:** The definition's reference to a "molten image" is illustrated in [[Daniel 11:8]], where "princes" are captured alongside "their gods." This connects the concept of leadership with idolatry, portraying false authority as powerless.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5257}}` is a specific term that uniquely bridges concepts of religious ritual and political power. It can denote a literal "drink offering" poured out in worship, or it can describe a "prince" or "duke" as an anointed or established leader. Its usage across scripture highlights a spectrum from divinely appointed defenders to worldly rulers and even powerless idols, demonstrating how a single word can encompass both sacred devotion and secular authority.
TRV