The Hebrew word nachash, represented by H5173, refers to an incantation or augury; enchantment. It is a rare term, appearing only 2 times in 2 unique verses, both within the same biblical narrative. Its meaning is specifically tied to the practice of attempting to summon or manipulate supernatural forces for a desired outcome.
Both occurrences of H5173 are found in the account of Balaam. In Numbers 23:23, Balaam, under divine compulsion, declares that such practices are futile against God's people: "Surely there is no enchantment against Jacob, neither is there any divination against Israel." This verse places the power of God in direct opposition to the power of human enchantment. Later, in Numbers 24:1, Balaam acknowledges this reality and changes his methods. Seeing that the LORD intended to bless Israel, he "went not, as at other times, to seek for enchantments," showing that this was his previous, failed strategy to curse them.
Several related words help clarify the context of H5173:
- H7081 qeçem (divination, witchcraft): This word appears alongside nachash in Numbers 23:23, where both enchantment and divination are declared powerless against Israel. It refers to a broader category of forbidden occult practices.
- H7125 qirʼâh (meet, seek): This term is used to describe Balaam's action in Numbers 24:1, where he had previously gone "to seek for enchantments." It illustrates the active pursuit involved in these magical rites.
The theological significance of H5173 is focused and powerful, despite its infrequent use.
- Futility of Occult Practices: The primary point made in its usage is that human attempts at enchantment are completely ineffective when set against the sovereign will and protection of God Numbers 23:23.
- Contrast with Divine Power: The declaration that there is no enchantment against Jacob is immediately followed by the exclamation, "What hath God wrought!" Numbers 23:23. This starkly contrasts the empty rituals of man with the mighty acts of God.
- A Forbidden Path: Balaam's decision to stop seeking for enchantments when he perceives God's will demonstrates that this practice is contrary to following the LORD Numbers 24:1.
In summary, H5173 defines the specific practice of enchantment or augury. Though used only twice, its context within the story of Balaam serves as a decisive statement on the powerlessness of such occult rituals. It illustrates that no human or spiritual manipulation can thwart God's declared purpose for His people, rendering all such enchantments utterly void.
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