### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew term Nôwdâb (`{{H5114}}`) is a proper noun, specifically identifying an Arab tribe. Its etymology is rooted in the verb nâdab (`{{H5068}}`), which conveys the fundamental meaning of "to incite," "to offer oneself," "to be willing," or "to be generous." From this root, the concept of "nobility" or "willingness" emerges. Therefore, Nôwdâb, as a tribal name, likely carries the semantic force of "noble" or "willing one." While it functions as a proper noun for a specific group, its underlying meaning points to an inherent quality of generosity, spontaneity, or high birth, reflecting common ancient naming conventions that often ascribed characteristics to individuals or groups.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term Nôwdâb (`{{H5114}}`) appears only once in the Hebrew Bible, in [[1 Chronicles 5:19]]. The context describes a significant military engagement involving the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. They waged war against the Hagarites, and alongside them, against Jetur, Naphish, and Nodab. This verse is part of a larger genealogical and historical section in Chronicles that emphasizes the military prowess and divine blessing upon the Transjordanian tribes. The mention of Nodab as one of the defeated adversaries places it within a confederation of Arab tribes associated with the Hagarites, who were known inhabitants of the desert regions east of Israel. The Chronicler's inclusion of Nodab in this list serves to underscore the completeness of the Israelite victory and the extent of their dominion or influence, attributed directly to divine aid: "for they cried to God in the battle, and he granted their plea because they trusted in him" ([[1 Chronicles 5:20]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word to Nôwdâb (`{{H5114}}`) is its verbal root, nâdab (`{{H5068}}`). This root is foundational to understanding the etymological significance of the tribe's name. From nâdab, other important Hebrew words are derived, such as nâdîb (`{{H5069}}`), meaning "noble," "willing," or "prince," often used to describe individuals of high standing or generous spirit (e.g., [[Psalm 113:8]], [[Proverbs 17:26]]). Another derivative is nᵉdābâ (`{{H5071}}`), which refers to a "freewill offering" or "spontaneous gift," highlighting the concept of willingness and generosity in worship and service (e.g., [[Exodus 35:29]], [[Leviticus 7:16]]). Thus, while Nôwdâb designates a specific tribe, its name connects it conceptually to the broader biblical themes of nobility, willingness, and generosity, even if the tribe itself is encountered as an adversary. Geographically and ethnically, Nodab is related to the Hagarites, Jetur, and Naphish, all identified as Arab tribes, indicating their shared regional and cultural context.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of Nôwdâb (`{{H5114}}`), though appearing only once as a proper noun, lies within the broader narrative of divine providence and Israel's relationship with surrounding nations. The name "Nodab," meaning "noble" or "willing," presents a subtle irony when applied to a tribe defeated by God's people. It underscores that even those with seemingly commendable qualities or origins, when arrayed against God's chosen, will ultimately fall. The Chronicler's account of the victory over Nodab and its confederates serves to highlight God's faithfulness to His covenant people. The success of the Transjordanian tribes is explicitly attributed to their trust in God and their cries for help ([[1 Chronicles 5:20]]). This episode reinforces the theological principle that victory in battle, and indeed prosperity, is not merely a matter of human strength or tribal nobility, but a direct result of divine intervention in response to faith. Thus, Nodab stands as a historical marker in the unfolding of God's purposes for Israel, demonstrating His power to grant victory and secure His people's inheritance against all adversaries.
### Summary
Nôwdâb (`{{H5114}}`) is a Hebrew proper noun, identifying an Arab tribe, derived from the root nâdab (`{{H5068}}`), signifying "noble" or "willing." Its sole occurrence is in [[1 Chronicles 5:19]], where it is listed among the Hagarite confederation defeated by the Transjordanian tribes of Israel. The context emphasizes the divine aid granted to Israel in battle, underscoring God's faithfulness to His people. While its name suggests nobility, the tribe's defeat highlights the theological principle that God's power and His covenant with Israel supersede any inherent qualities of their adversaries. Nôwdâb thus serves as a minor but significant detail in the Chronicler's record of God's sovereign hand in Israel's history.
TRV