### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **neder**, represented by `{{H5088}}`, refers to a **vow** or a thing promised to God. It appears **60 times** across **57 unique verses** in the Bible, signifying its role as a solemn and binding promise. The term originates from the root `{{H5087}}`, which means to promise or make a vow.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
Biblically, `{{H5088}}` is a formal declaration made to God, often in exchange for divine intervention or as an act of devotion. Individuals like Jacob [[Genesis 28:20]], Hannah [[1 Samuel 1:11]], and Jephthah [[Judges 11:30]] made a **vow** to God when seeking favor or deliverance. The scriptures strongly emphasize the importance of fulfilling these promises. A person must not be slow to pay their **vow**, as failure to do so is considered sin [[Deuteronomy 23:21]]. The laws outlined in Numbers 30 also establish a social and familial context, where a father or husband could nullify a **vow** made by a woman under their authority ([[Numbers 30:5]], [[Numbers 30:8]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the nature and context of a **vow**:
* `{{H5087}}` **nâdar** (to promise): This is the root verb from which **neder** is derived. It is frequently used alongside `{{H5088}}` in the phrase "vow a vow," indicating the formal act of making the promise [[Numbers 30:2]].
* `{{H632}}` **ʼĕçâr** (bond): This term describes an obligation of abstinence and is used in conjunction with a **vow** to signify a binding commitment on one's soul [[Numbers 30:2]].
* `{{H7999}}` **shâlam** (to pay): This word is consistently used to describe the fulfillment of a **vow**. The command is not just to make a promise, but to **pay** what was vowed ([[Psalms 50:14]], [[Ecclesiastes 5:4]]).
* `{{H5071}}` **nᵉdâbâh** (freewill offering): Often mentioned alongside vows, this refers to a spontaneous, voluntary gift, distinguishing it from the conditional and obligatory nature of a **vow** ([[Numbers 15:3]], [[Leviticus 22:21]]).
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H5088}}` is significant and highlights key principles of faith and worship.
* **A Binding Promise:** A **vow** is not a casual statement but a sacred commitment. The Bible warns against making a **vow** rashly and then trying to reconsider it [[Proverbs 20:25]], and Ecclesiastes states it is better not to vow than to vow and not pay [[Ecclesiastes 5:4]].
* **An Act of Worship and Thanksgiving:** Vows are a central part of Israel's worship, often fulfilled through offerings such as **burnt offerings** `{{H5930}}`, sacrifices, and tithes at the designated place of worship ([[Deuteronomy 12:6]], [[Leviticus 22:21]]). Paying a **vow** is presented as an act of thanksgiving to God [[Psalms 50:14]].
* **Relationship with God:** The act of making and keeping a **vow** demonstrates a relationship with God based on faith and faithfulness. When God hears a **vow** [[Psalms 61:5]], the one who vowed is expected to perform it, often in the presence of the community [[Psalms 116:14]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5088}}` is far more than a simple promise. It represents a solemn, binding covenant made between an individual and God, deeply integrated into the fabric of biblical worship and personal piety. It underscores the importance of integrity, faithfulness, and reverence in one's relationship with God, reminding believers that words spoken to Him carry immense weight and require faithful fulfillment.
TRV