### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **nâdar**, represented by `{{H5087}}`, is a primitive root that means **to promise** or **(make a) vow**, specifically in the context of doing or giving something to God. It appears **31 times** across **28 unique verses** in the Bible, indicating its significant role in expressing personal and national commitments to God.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H5087}}` is used to frame solemn promises made to God in a variety of situations. Patriarchs like Jacob **vowed** a vow at Bethel, promising allegiance in exchange for God's protection and provision [[Genesis 28:20]]. Individuals in deep distress, such as Hannah, **vowed** to dedicate a child to God's service in exchange for an answer to prayer [[1 Samuel 1:11]]. The nation of Israel also **vowed** to **utterly destroy** `{{H2763}}` enemy cities in return for divine aid in battle [[Numbers 21:2]]. The law underscores the seriousness of such commitments, stating that one who makes a vow "shall not **break** `{{H2490}}` his word" [[Numbers 30:2]] and should not be **slack** `{{H309}}` to pay it, as it would be considered **sin** `{{H2399}}` [[Deuteronomy 23:21]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words expand upon the concept of making and keeping solemn promises:
* `{{H5088}}` **neder** (vow): This is the noun form derived from **nâdar**, representing the promise or the thing promised itself. It frequently appears alongside its verbal root, as in the phrase "vow a vow" [[Numbers 30:2]].
* `{{H7999}}` **shâlam** (to pay, perform): This word is critically linked to the fulfillment of a vow. Scripture commands that one who vows must **pay** `{{H7999}}` what was promised [[Ecclesiastes 5:4]].
* `{{H7650}}` **shâbaʻ** (to swear): This term is often used in parallel with vowing to describe a binding commitment. A vow can be accompanied by an **oath** `{{H7621}}` sworn before God ([[Numbers 30:2]], [[Psalms 132:2]]).
* `{{H5139}}` **nâzîyr** (Nazarite): This word describes a person who has taken a specific, intensive vow of separation unto the LORD. The law outlines how a man or woman can **vow** a vow of a **Nazarite** `{{H5139}}` [[Numbers 6:2]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H5087}}` is centered on the sacred nature of a promise made to God.
* **Binding Commitment:** A vow made to God is not a casual promise. It binds the soul [[Numbers 30:2]] and must be fulfilled without delay [[Deuteronomy 23:21]]. The principle that it is better not to **vow** at all than to **vow** and not **pay** `{{H7999}}` underscores its seriousness [[Ecclesiastes 5:5]].
* **An Act of Devotion:** Vowing is presented as an act of worship. It is listed among tithes and sacrifices to be brought to the place God chooses [[Deuteronomy 12:11]]. Vows are to be paid with thanksgiving, acknowledging that salvation comes from the LORD [[Jonah 2:9]].
* **Covenantal Interaction:** Many vows are conditional, reflecting a dynamic relationship where individuals seek God's intervention with a promise of future service or sacrifice. Jacob's vow for protection [[Genesis 28:20]] and Hannah's vow for a son [[1 Samuel 1:11]] are prime examples of this interactive faith.
* **The Importance of Integrity:** God expects integrity in vows. He has no **pleasure** `{{H2656}}` in **fools** `{{H3684}}` who **defer** `{{H309}}` payment [[Ecclesiastes 5:4]]. Curses are pronounced on the **deceiver** `{{H5230}}` who vows a choice offering but sacrifices a **corrupt thing** `{{H7843}}` instead [[Malachi 1:14]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5087}}` **nâdar** represents far more than a simple promise. It is a sacred and binding commitment to God that forms a significant part of biblical worship and personal piety. From patriarchal promises to national pleas for deliverance, the act of vowing defines a relationship with God based on faith, dependence, and the solemn obligation to fulfill one's word. The scriptures consistently teach that a vow made to God must be kept with integrity and without delay.
TRV