The Hebrew word mâthaq, represented by H4985, is a primitive root that means to be or become sweet. It can also imply relishing or sucking. Appearing 5 times in 5 unique verses, this term is used both literally and metaphorically to describe experiences ranging from divine miracles to the deceptive allure of sin.
In the Bible, H4985 is applied in several distinct contexts. Its most literal use is found in the account of the exodus, where God turns bitter waters sweet through a miraculous intervention Exodus 15:25. The word also takes on a metaphorical quality to describe the nature of human relationships, as seen in the memory of taking "sweet counsel" with a close companion Psalms 55:14. In the wisdom literature, it is used to illustrate the deceptive nature of sin, where "Stolen waters are sweet" Proverbs 9:17 and wickedness can be sweet in one's mouth Job 20:12. Uniquely, it also describes the state of the dead, where "The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto him" Job 21:33.
Several related words provide contrast and context to the meaning of sweetness:
- H5276 nâʻêm (to be agreeable... be pleasant, be sweet): This word often appears in parallel with H4985 to emphasize a sense of delight. In Proverbs 9:17, stolen waters are described as sweet, and bread eaten in secret is pleasant.
- H7451 raʻ (bad or (as noun) evil): This term stands in direct contrast to the concept of sweetness. Its connection is clear in Job 20:12, where it is evil or wickedness that is described as being deceptively sweet in the mouth of a sinner.
The theological significance of H4985 lies in its ability to describe both divine goodness and the nature of temptation.
- Divine Transformation: The primary example of God's power is in making the bitter waters sweet, demonstrating His ability to redeem and restore a situation from negative to positive Exodus 15:25.
- The Deception of Sin: The term is used powerfully to illustrate that sin can appear desirable and pleasant. Both Job and Proverbs warn that what is sweet to the taste, like wickedness or stolen things, is ultimately harmful (Job 20:12, Proverbs 9:17).
- Godly Fellowship: The concept of "sweet counsel" highlights the value of close, godly relationships. This kind of fellowship is presented as a treasured experience, especially when shared while walking together toward the house of God Psalms 55:14.
In summary, H4985 conveys much more than a simple taste. While it has a literal foundation, its biblical usage explores the duality of experience. It can represent the blessings and miraculous power of God, who makes bitter things sweet, and the profound value of good fellowship. At the same time, it serves as a powerful metaphor for the tempting and deceptive nature of sin, which may seem sweet for a moment but leads to ruin.
TRV