### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mâthaq**, represented by `{{H4985}}`, is a primitive root that means to be or become **sweet**. It can also imply relishing or sucking. Appearing **5 times** in **5 unique verses**, this term is used both literally and metaphorically to describe experiences ranging from divine miracles to the deceptive allure of sin.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the Bible, `{{H4985}}` is applied in several distinct contexts. Its most literal use is found in the account of the exodus, where God turns bitter waters **sweet** through a miraculous intervention [[Exodus 15:25]]. The word also takes on a metaphorical quality to describe the nature of human relationships, as seen in the memory of taking "**sweet** counsel" with a close companion [[Psalms 55:14]]. In the wisdom literature, it is used to illustrate the deceptive nature of sin, where "Stolen waters are **sweet**" [[Proverbs 9:17]] and wickedness can be **sweet** in one's mouth [[Job 20:12]]. Uniquely, it also describes the state of the dead, where "The clods of the valley shall be **sweet** unto him" [[Job 21:33]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide contrast and context to the meaning of sweetness:
* `{{H5276}}` **nâʻêm** (to be agreeable... be pleasant, be sweet): This word often appears in parallel with `{{H4985}}` to emphasize a sense of delight. In [[Proverbs 9:17]], stolen waters are described as **sweet**, and bread eaten in secret is **pleasant**.
* `{{H7451}}` **raʻ** (bad or (as noun) evil): This term stands in direct contrast to the concept of sweetness. Its connection is clear in [[Job 20:12]], where it is **evil** or wickedness that is described as being deceptively **sweet** in the mouth of a sinner.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H4985}}` lies in its ability to describe both divine goodness and the nature of temptation.
* **Divine Transformation:** The primary example of God's power is in making the bitter waters **sweet**, demonstrating His ability to redeem and restore a situation from negative to positive [[Exodus 15:25]].
* **The Deception of Sin:** The term is used powerfully to illustrate that sin can appear desirable and pleasant. Both Job and Proverbs warn that what is **sweet** to the taste, like wickedness or stolen things, is ultimately harmful ([[Job 20:12]], [[Proverbs 9:17]]).
* **Godly Fellowship:** The concept of "**sweet** counsel" highlights the value of close, godly relationships. This kind of fellowship is presented as a treasured experience, especially when shared while walking together toward the house of God [[Psalms 55:14]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4985}}` conveys much more than a simple taste. While it has a literal foundation, its biblical usage explores the duality of experience. It can represent the blessings and miraculous power of God, who makes bitter things **sweet**, and the profound value of good fellowship. At the same time, it serves as a powerful metaphor for the tempting and deceptive nature of sin, which may seem **sweet** for a moment but leads to ruin.
TRV