### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mathbên**, represented by `{{H4963}}`, refers to **straw**, specifically straw in a heap. This word is a denominative from תֶּבֶן. It is extremely rare, appearing only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the entire Bible, which makes its single usage particularly significant for interpretation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{H4963}}` occurs within a prophecy of judgment against Moab in [[Isaiah 25:10]]. The verse states that Moab "shall be trodden down under him, even as **straw** is trodden down for the dunghill." In this context, **mathbên** is used in a powerful simile to illustrate the complete and utter humiliation and destruction that will befall the nation. It is not depicted as a useful agricultural byproduct but as worthless refuse to be trampled into manure.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide context for the actions and objects described in this passage:
* `{{H1758}}` **dûwsh** (to trample or thresh): This primitive root is central to the imagery surrounding `{{H4963}}`. It is used to describe how Moab will be "**trodden down**" and how the straw itself is "**trodden down**" [[Isaiah 25:10]]. The term often signifies forceful judgment or agricultural processing, as seen when Zion is called to arise and "**thresh**" [[Micah 4:13]].
* `{{H4962}}` **math** (men, persons, small): This word, typically meaning **men** or a small quantity, appears in contexts describing the state or number of a people. For example, the Israelites entered Egypt as "a few" **men** [[Deuteronomy 26:5]], and the remnant returning from judgment is described as a "small number" [[Jeremiah 44:28]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4963}}` is derived entirely from its singular, vivid use in a context of divine judgment.
* **Symbol of Utter Humiliation:** In its only biblical appearance, `{{H4963}}` functions as a symbol for absolute degradation. Being compared to **straw** ground into a dunghill signifies the lowest possible state of shame and subjugation, which is the prophesied fate for God's enemy, Moab [[Isaiah 25:10]].
* **Illustration of Divine Judgment:** The ease with which **straw** can be trampled underfoot illustrates the effortless and overwhelming nature of the Lord's power against the proud. The metaphor shows that Moab will be rendered completely helpless before God's judgment.
* **Worthlessness and Desecration:** The destination of the **straw** is the dunghill, a place of filth. This powerfully communicates the idea that in the face of divine judgment, those who oppose God are rendered not only powerless but also worthless and impure.
### Summary
In summary, **mathbên** `{{H4963}}` is a specific term whose single scriptural appearance is loaded with metaphorical meaning. While its literal definition is simply **straw**, its use in [[Isaiah 25:10]] transforms it into a potent symbol of total humiliation, worthlessness, and the finality of divine judgment. It demonstrates how a common object can be used to convey a profound theological truth about the consequences of opposing God.
TRV