### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mᵉrêrâh**, represented by `{{H4845}}`, refers to **gall** or bile, a substance known for its bitterness. It appears only 1 time in a single verse in the Bible, highlighting a moment of intense physical and emotional suffering. Its meaning is derived from a root word signifying bitterness, and it is used to describe a visceral aspect of anguish.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its sole biblical appearance, `{{H4845}}` is used by Job to depict the severity of his affliction. He describes a violent scene where God's archers surround him, and without mercy, his internal organs are torn apart, culminating in his **gall** being poured out "upon the ground" [[Job 16:13]]. This graphic imagery conveys a state of complete devastation and physical violation, where the body's bitterness is literally spilled out.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its context illuminate the scene of Job's suffering:
* `{{H7228}}` **rab** (an archer): This term identifies the agents of Job's suffering, described as "His **archers**" who surround him and inflict his wounds [[Job 16:13]].
* `{{H3629}}` **kilyâh** (a kidney; figuratively, the mind): Used to denote the **reins** or kidneys, this word points to the deep, internal nature of Job's wound. The cleaving of his **reins** signifies an attack on his innermost being [[Job 16:13]].
* `{{H2550}}` **châmal** (to commiserate; by implication, to spare): This word emphasizes the mercilessness of the attack. Job laments that his tormentor "doth not **spare**," indicating a complete lack of pity or compassion in his affliction [[Job 16:13]].
* `{{H8210}}` **shâphak** (to spill forth): This verb describes the final act of desecration against Job, as his gall is **poured out**. It signifies a complete emptying and spilling of life [[Job 16:13]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4845}}` is tied directly to its graphic context in the book of Job.
* **Visceral Suffering:** The use of **mᵉrêrâh** illustrates suffering that is not just emotional but deeply physical and visceral. The spilling of gall is a potent metaphor for a life turned bitter and poured out in despair.
* **Absence of Mercy:** The context of the verse is critical. The pouring out of the gall happens because the attacker "doth not **spare**" [[Job 16:13]]. This links the word to the experience of judgment or affliction where no pity is shown.
* **Internal Anguish Exposed:** Figuratively, gall represents the innermost bitterness. By having it poured "upon the ground" [[Job 16:13]], Job expresses a feeling of being utterly violated, with his internal anguish and life force spilled out for all to see.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4845}}` is a highly specific and potent term for **gall**. Though used only once, its appearance in the book of Job provides one of scripture's most graphic descriptions of physical and spiritual agony. It is not merely a biological term but a symbol of life's bitterness being violently exposed in the face of relentless, unsparing affliction. The word encapsulates the depth of Job's lament, where his very insides are turned out upon the earth.
TRV