The Hebrew word mitschâh, represented by H4697, is a specific term for greaves, a shinpiece of armor. It appears only 1 time in a single verse in the Bible. The term is derived from a root suggesting prominence, which is fitting for a piece of armor designed to protect a warrior's legs in combat.
The sole appearance of H4697 is in the account of David and Goliath. The Philistine champion is described as having "greaves of brass upon his legs" 1 Samuel 17:6. This detail, listed among his other formidable pieces of armor, contributes to the imposing image of Goliath. It emphasizes his comprehensive and intimidating equipment as he prepared for battle, highlighting the physical might David was to face.
Several related words provide context for the material and function of these greaves:
- H5178 nᵉchôsheth (copper, hence, something made of that metal... brasen, brass...): This word specifies the material of the greaves in 1 Samuel 17:6. It is a metal commonly used for military items, significant religious objects like the brasen serpent Numbers 21:9, and fortified structures like brasen walls Jeremiah 1:18.
- H7272 regel (a foot... a step... leg...): This word identifies the part of the body that the greaves protect. It is broadly used to refer to the legs and feet, often in contexts of journeys or as a symbol of subjection, such as an enemy being made a footstool Psalms 110:1.
- H3591 kîydôwn (...a dart; lance, shield, spear, target.): Mentioned in the same verse as part of Goliath's equipment, this term for a spear or target completes the image of a fully armed warrior, protected from head to toe.
The theological weight of H4697 comes entirely from its narrative context.
- Symbol of Human Power: The greaves are part of the description of Goliath, a figure representing the peak of earthly military might. The detailed account of his brass armor, including the greaves 1 Samuel 17:6, serves to construct the image of a seemingly invincible human adversary.
- Contrast with Divine Reliance: The ultimate significance of Goliath's armor is found in its contrast with David's faith. David explicitly states that he comes not with a spear or a shield H3591, but "in the name of the LORD of hosts" 1 Samuel 17:45, placing the focus squarely on divine power over man-made protection.
- Material Fortification: The greaves are made of brass H5178, a material also used for fortified walls Jeremiah 1:18. This links the concept of personal armor to the broader biblical theme of physical defense and security.
In summary, H4697 mitschâh is a highly specific term for greaves, appearing only once in Scripture. Its sole use in 1 Samuel 17:6 is pivotal, not for the object itself, but for what it represents: the pinnacle of human military preparedness. By detailing Goliath's armor, the text establishes a powerful visual of worldly strength, which serves as a backdrop to highlight the greater power of divine reliance demonstrated by David.
TRV