### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **maphtêach**, represented by `{{H4668}}`, is the term for a **key**. It is derived from the root word `pâthach` `{{H6605}}`, meaning to open. Despite its significance, it is a rare word, appearing only **3 times** in **3 unique verses** of the Bible.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{H4668}}` is used in both literal and symbolic contexts. Its most straightforward use is in [[Judges 3:25]], where servants take a physical **key** to open the doors `{{H1817}}` of a parlour. In [[1 Chronicles 9:27]], the word is translated as "the opening" and refers to the responsibility of the Levites for the **house** `{{H1004}}` of God, a charge that pertained to them each morning. The most symbolic usage is found in [[Isaiah 22:22]], where God places the **key** of the house of David on a servant's shoulder, granting him the authority to **open** `{{H6605}}` and **shut** `{{H5462}}`.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the function and context of `{{H4668}}`:
* `{{H6605}}` **pâthach** (to open wide): As the root of `maphtêach`, this verb is central to the key's function. It is used in direct connection with the key in [[Isaiah 22:22]], where having the key grants the power to **open**.
* `{{H5462}}` **çâgar** (to shut up): This word is the direct opposite of `pâthach` and highlights the dual authority granted by the key. In [[Isaiah 22:22]], the power to **shut** is paired with the power to open.
* `{{H1004}}` **bayith** (house): This term defines the domain the key controls. The key is for the **house** of David [[Isaiah 22:22]] or the **house** of God [[1 Chronicles 9:27]], signifying authority over a family, dynasty, or sacred space.
* `{{H1817}}` **deleth** (door): This word refers to the physical barrier that a key is designed to operate. A **key** is used to open the **doors** of the parlour in [[Judges 3:25]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4668}}` is most evident in its symbolic usage.
* **Delegated Authority:** The key is a symbol of authority that is not inherent but is given by God. In [[Isaiah 22:22]], God states, "the key... will I lay upon his shoulder," indicating that the power to open and shut is a divine delegation.
* **Irrevocable Power:** The authority represented by the key is absolute. The one who holds it "shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut, and none shall open" [[Isaiah 22:22]]. This signifies complete control and finality in decision-making.
* **Sacred Stewardship:** In the context of the house of God, the responsibility of "the opening" `{{H4668}}` is a sacred "charge" entrusted to the Levites [[1 Chronicles 9:27]]. This links the key to faithful service and stewardship over what belongs to God.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4668}}` is a powerful concept that develops from a simple, tangible object into a profound symbol. It begins as a literal **key** [[Judges 3:25]], progresses to represent an entrusted duty [[1 Chronicles 9:27]], and culminates as the ultimate emblem of divinely-delegated authority over the house of David [[Isaiah 22:22]]. Though it appears infrequently, **maphtêach** demonstrates how a common tool can signify absolute power, access, and sacred responsibility within the biblical narrative.
TRV