### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **maʻtsâr**, represented by `{{H4623}}`, denotes subjective **control** or **rule**. It appears only **1 time** across **1 unique verse** in the Bible, making its single usage particularly significant. Derived from the root עָצָר, the term encapsulates the concept of self-governance and internal discipline.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{H4623}}` is in Proverbs, where it forms the basis of a powerful simile about self-control. The verse states, "He that hath no **rule** over his own spirit is like a city that is broken down, and without walls" [[Proverbs 25:28]]. In this context, the lack of **maʻtsâr** is portrayed as a critical vulnerability, leaving a person exposed and defenseless, akin to a city whose primary fortifications have been destroyed.
### Related Words & Concepts
The meaning of `{{H4623}}` is illuminated by the words it modifies in its only biblical appearance:
* `{{H376}}` **ʼîysh** (a man as an individual or a male person): This term identifies the individual who is responsible for exercising rule. The verse establishes a universal principle for any **man** [[Proverbs 25:28]], a theme also seen in contexts describing a man's need for divine counsel over his own heart and thoughts [[Proverbs 19:21]].
* `{{H7307}}` **rûwach** (wind; by resemblance breath... spirit): This is the faculty over which a person must have **rule**. This same term is used to describe the **spirit** that can be humble [[Proverbs 29:23]], the **spirit** God pours out on His people [[Isaiah 44:3]], and the very power by which God's work is accomplished [[Zechariah 4:6]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4623}}`, though based on a single verse, is substantial in its focus on personal wisdom and integrity.
* **The Mandate for Self-Control:** The primary lesson of `{{H4623}}` is the imperative for an individual to govern their own inner self. The imagery in [[Proverbs 25:28]] frames this not as a suggestion but as a necessity for spiritual and personal defense.
* **Internal Vulnerability:** A lack of **rule** over one's spirit is equated with a state of total exposure. Just as a city without walls is open to attack, a person without self-control is defenseless against internal and external pressures.
* **The Condition of Man:** The verse underscores a fundamental aspect of the human condition as presented in wisdom literature. A **man** `{{H376}}` must actively manage his own **spirit** `{{H7307}}` to maintain order and strength, a principle that complements the idea that a man's heart has many devices but the Lord's counsel prevails [[Proverbs 19:21]].
### Summary
In summary, while **maʻtsâr** `{{H4623}}` is one of the rarer words in the biblical lexicon, its singular use in [[Proverbs 25:28]] delivers a timeless and potent message. It powerfully illustrates the principle of self-control by comparing a person who lacks it to a ruined and defenseless city. Through its connection with the words for **man** and **spirit**, it establishes a foundational tenet of wisdom: that true strength and security begin with governing one's own inner world.
TRV