### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mâçar**, represented by `{{H4560}}`, is a primitive root. It appears only **2 times** across **2 unique verses** in the Bible. Its core definition is to sunder, which can mean to transitively **set apart**, or reflexively to **apostatize**, **commit**, or **deliver**.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H4560}}` carries two distinct meanings. It is used to describe a negative act of sin, where the children of Israel were caused **to commit** trespass against the LORD in the matter of Peor [[Numbers 31:16]]. Conversely, it is also used in a logistical sense, where twelve thousand men were **delivered** from the tribes of Israel to be armed for war [[Numbers 31:5]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide context for the actions associated with `{{H4560}}`:
* `{{H1961}}` **hâyâh** (to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass): This root appears alongside `{{H4560}}` where it is translated as "caused" [[Numbers 31:16]], indicating the instigation of an action. It is frequently used to signify existence, as in "Let there **be** light" [[Genesis 1:3]].
* `{{H4604}}` **maʻal** (treachery, i.e. sin; falsehood, grievously, sore, transgression, trespass): This word for "trespass" is the direct object of the action of `{{H4560}}` in [[Numbers 31:16]]. It denotes a serious offense or transgression, as when the children of Israel committed a **trespass** in the accursed thing [[Joshua 7:1]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4560}}` is seen in its contrasting applications.
* **Act of Apostasy:** The word is used to describe being led into sin. In the context of the incident at Peor, it specifically means to **commit** an act of treachery or trespass against the Lord, highlighting a deliberate turning away from divine command [[Numbers 31:16]].
* **Commissioning or Appointing:** In contrast, `{{H4560}}` also describes the act of being **delivered** or set apart for a specific duty. The selection of soldiers from the tribes of Israel demonstrates a sense of being appointed or committed to a task [[Numbers 31:5]].
* **Cause and Effect:** The word's usage in [[Numbers 31:16]], where the Israelites "caused" others to commit trespass, underscores the theological concept of influence and accountability in leading others astray.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4560}}` is a specific and seldom-used term that carries a significant duality. It can describe both a grave spiritual failure, as in **committing** a trespass against God, and a functional act of organization, as in **delivering** men for battle. Its meaning is heavily dependent on the context, illustrating how a single action of 'setting apart' can be framed as either a rebellion or a commission.
TRV