### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **miçpôwʼ**, represented by `{{H4554}}`, is a specific term for **fodder** or **provender**. Derived from an unused root meaning to collect, it refers to feed for animals. It appears **5 times** across **5 unique verses**, consistently denoting sustenance for beasts of burden.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H4554}}` is used in the context of providing for animals, particularly during travel. It is given to camels after a long journey [[Genesis 24:32]] and to asses as part of hospitable care [[Genesis 43:24]]. The word signifies preparedness and abundance, as when Rebekah's family confirms they have "straw and **provender** enough" for Abraham's servant's camels [[Genesis 24:25]]. It is also a necessary provision for a journey, packed in sacks to feed asses along the way [[Genesis 42:27]]. This highlights its practical importance in an era reliant on animal transport.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help define the context in which **miçpôwʼ** is used:
* `{{H8401}}` **teben** (straw): Often mentioned alongside **provender**, this word refers to the stalks of grain used for fodder ([[Genesis 24:25]], [[Genesis 24:32]]). It appears to be a staple component of animal feed.
* `{{H2543}}` **chămôwr** ((he) ass): This is the most frequent recipient of **provender** in scripture. The term specifically refers to a male ass, a common beast of burden for which **provender** was essential ([[Genesis 42:27]], [[Judges 19:19]]).
* `{{H3899}}` **lechem** (bread): In [[Judges 19:19]], this word is used for human food in parallel with **provender** for animals, creating a distinction between provisions for people and their livestock.
* `{{H3196}}` **yayin** (wine): This term appears with bread as a provision for humans, further highlighting that **provender** was designated specifically for animals [[Judges 19:19]].
### Theological Significance
While a practical term, the use of `{{H4554}}` carries underlying significance related to duty and care.
* **The Law of Hospitality:** Providing **provender** was a key component of hosting travelers. It demonstrated a host's responsibility not only for their human guests but also for the animals essential to their journey ([[Genesis 24:32]], [[Genesis 43:24]]).
* **Essential Provision:** The inclusion of **provender** among necessary supplies for a trip underscores its vital role in the ancient world. In [[Judges 19:19]], the traveler confirms he has **provender** for his asses, just as he has bread and wine for the people with him.
* **Order of Creation:** The explicit distinction between "bread and wine" for people and "**provender**" for asses reflects an understanding of providing for each according to its kind, fulfilling a duty of stewardship over animals.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4554}}` is a precise term for animal fodder that, while infrequent, reveals important cultural values. Its usage illustrates the practical necessities of travel and the significant responsibilities of hospitality in the biblical world. By appearing alongside provisions for humans, **miçpôwʼ** emphasizes the importance of comprehensive care and stewardship for the animals that were integral to daily life and commerce.
TRV