### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word mêmad (`{{H4461}}`) is a noun derived from the verb madad (`{{H4058}}`), which means "to measure," "to stretch out," or "to mete out." Consequently, mêmad refers to "a measure" or "measurement." Its semantic range encompasses the concept of dimension, extent, or the act of determining these quantities. It implies precision, defined boundaries, and an established order, reflecting a deliberate act of sizing or proportioning.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term mêmad (`{{H4461}}`) is notably rare in the Hebrew Bible, appearing only once, in the book of Job.
* **[[Job 38:5]]**: "Who determined its measurements [מֵמַד]? Surely you know! Or who stretched the line upon it?" This verse is part of God's profound rhetorical questioning to Job from the whirlwind, challenging Job's limited human understanding in contrast to divine omnipotence and wisdom. The "measurements" here refer to the precise dimensions, proportions, and foundational layout of the earth at its creation. God's question underscores that only He possessed the knowledge and power to establish such intricate and exact specifications for the cosmos. The use of mêmad emphasizes the deliberate and ordered nature of creation, as opposed to a chaotic or accidental origin. It highlights the divine architect's meticulous planning and execution.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word is the verb from which mêmad (`{{H4461}}`) is derived:
* madad (`{{H4058}}`): "to measure," "to mete out," "to stretch a line." This root is foundational to understanding mêmad, as it describes the action that results in a "measurement."
Other related nouns that convey aspects of measure or dimension include:
* middah (`{{H4060}}`): "measure," "dimension," "tribute." This term often refers to a physical standard of measure or the extent of something, frequently used in architectural or administrative contexts (e.g., measurements of the Tabernacle or Temple).
* tochen (`{{H8498}}`): "measure," "proportion," "task." This word can refer to a fixed measure or a determined portion.
The conceptual field surrounding mêmad involves:
* Divine order and design
* Cosmic architecture and creation
* Precision and boundaries
* Wisdom and knowledge (especially divine)
### Theological Significance
Despite its singular occurrence, mêmad (`{{H4461}}`) carries profound theological weight, primarily through its context in [[Job 38:5]].
1. **Divine Sovereignty in Creation**: The word powerfully asserts God's absolute sovereignty over the created order. The universe, specifically the earth, is not a product of chance but meticulously designed with precise "measurements" by the Creator. This points to an intentional, deliberate act of making, where every dimension and proportion was predetermined by divine wisdom.
2. **God's Incomparable Wisdom and Power**: By asking Job who determined the earth's mêmad, God highlights His unique and incomparable wisdom and power. Humans, limited in their understanding, could never conceive of, let alone execute, such cosmic engineering. This serves to humble Job and all humanity, reminding them of the vast chasm between finite human knowledge and infinite divine knowledge.
3. **Order and Purpose in the Cosmos**: The concept of "measurements" implies order, structure, and purpose. It suggests that the universe operates according to divine principles and established laws, rather than being chaotic or random. This foundational order speaks to God's ongoing meticulous care for His creation.
### Summary
The Hebrew word mêmad (`{{H4461}}`), meaning "a measure" or "measurement," is a rare but significant term derived from the verb madad (`{{H4058}}`). Its sole biblical appearance in [[Job 38:5]] serves as a powerful testament to God's meticulous design, incomparable wisdom, and absolute sovereignty in creation. By rhetorical questioning who determined the earth's mêmad, God underscores that the universe is not a product of chance but a precisely ordered cosmos, fashioned with divine intentionality and purpose. The word thus highlights the foundational order established by the Creator, emphasizing His omnipotence and the profound depth of His cosmic architecture.
TRV