### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mᵉkôwnâh**, represented by `{{H4350}}`, refers to a **base** or pedestal. It appears 23 times across 18 unique verses, with its usage concentrated on describing specific foundational structures within the biblical narrative. The term primarily signifies a prepared spot or pedestal designed to support a significant object.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H4350}}` is used almost exclusively to describe the ten ornate brass **bases** King Solomon constructed for the Temple [[1 Kings 7:27]]. Each **base** was designed to hold a laver, or washbowl, and was intricately made with wheels and borders ([[1 Kings 7:30]], [[1 Kings 7:38]]). These **bases** are listed among the valuable Temple furnishings that were broken apart and carried to Babylon by the Chaldeans, signifying the temple's destruction ([[2 Kings 25:13]], [[Jeremiah 52:17]]). In a pivotal moment of renewal, the returning exiles "set the altar upon his **bases**" [[Ezra 3:3]], re-establishing formal worship in Jerusalem.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide context for the function of the **base**:
* `{{H3595}}` **kîyôwr** (hearth, laver, pan, scaffold): This describes the **laver** that was placed upon each **base** in Solomon's Temple ([[1 Kings 7:38]], [[2 Chronicles 4:14]]). These **lavers** were used for washing items for the burnt offering [[2 Chronicles 4:6]].
* `{{H4196}}` **mizbêach** (an altar; altar): This object is directly associated with the **bases** upon the return from exile, when the people set the **altar** upon them to resume offering sacrifices [[Ezra 3:3]]. The altar is a central place of worship and atonement [[Leviticus 17:11]].
* `{{H5982}}` **ʻammûwd** (a column (as standing); also a stand, i.e. platform; [idiom] apiece, pillar): The **pillars** of the Temple are frequently mentioned alongside the **bases** as items plundered by the Chaldeans ([[2 Kings 25:13]], [[Jeremiah 27:19]]), highlighting their structural and symbolic importance.
### Theological Significance
The significance of `{{H4350}}` is tied directly to the sanctity and function of the Temple.
* **Foundation for Sacred Ritual:** The **bases** served the practical and symbolic purpose of elevating and supporting the **lavers** used for ritual cleansing [[1 Kings 7:38]] and later supporting the main **altar** itself [[Ezra 3:3]]. They were the physical foundation for acts of worship.
* **Symbol of Temple Glory and Judgment:** The detailed craftsmanship of the ten **bases** reflects the glory and divine order of Solomon's Temple [[1 Kings 7:37]]. Their subsequent destruction and removal represent the desecration of the holy place and God's judgment upon the nation ([[2 Kings 16:17]], [[2 Kings 25:13]]).
* **Marker of Covenant Restoration:** The re-establishment of the altar upon its **bases** by the returning exiles is a crucial act. It signifies the restoration of the covenant community and the resumption of sacrifices to the LORD in their proper place [[Ezra 3:3]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4350}}` is a specific architectural term whose meaning is deeply embedded in the life of the Temple. Far from being a mere stand, the **base** is a key element in the story of Israel's worship, from the height of its glory under Solomon to its destruction in judgment and its hopeful restoration after the exile. It illustrates how a foundational object can reflect the spiritual state of the people and their relationship with God.
TRV