### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mâkôwn**, represented by `{{H4349}}`, denotes a fixture, basis, or foundation. It appears 17 times in 17 unique verses. Its meaning ranges from a literal foundation to a fixed or settled place of dwelling, often referring to a habitation for God.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In Scripture, `{{H4349}}` is used to describe both physical and divine locations. It refers to the very **foundations** of the earth, which God established so they would not be moved [[Psalms 104:5]]. It is also used for God's designated place of worship on earth, such as the Sanctuary established by God's hands [[Exodus 15:17]] and the Temple, which Solomon built as a "settled **place**" for God to dwell in forever [[1 Kings 8:13]]. The term frequently points to heaven as God's dwelling **place**, from which He hears prayer [[1 Kings 8:39]]. Metaphorically, it describes the very basis of God's authority, as justice and judgment are the **habitation** of His throne [[Psalms 89:14]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the concept of an established dwelling:
* `{{H3427}}` **yâshab** (to sit down, to dwell, to remain): This word is frequently paired with `{{H4349}}` to describe the act of abiding in the established place. The desire to **dwell** in the house of the LORD is a recurring theme [[Psalms 27:4]].
* `{{H2073}}` **zᵉbûwl** (a residence, dwelling, habitation): This term is used in parallel with `{{H4349}}` to emphasize the nature of God's abode. Solomon builds "an house of **habitation**" for God, which is also called "a **place** for thy dwelling" [[2 Chronicles 6:2]].
* `{{H3678}}` **kiççêʼ** (a throne): The concept of a place is linked to authority, as `{{H4349}}` is described as the habitation or foundation of God's **throne** [[Psalms 97:2]]. The Lord's **throne** in the heavens signifies His supreme rule [[Psalms 103:19]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4349}}` is significant, highlighting the stability and permanence of God's presence and rule.
* **The Foundation of Creation:** The word establishes God as the master architect who laid the **foundations** of the earth, securing its very existence and demonstrating His creative power [[Psalms 104:5]].
* **God's Established Dwelling:** Whether referring to the earthly sanctuary [[Exodus 15:17]] or His heavenly abode [[1 Kings 8:43]], `{{H4349}}` portrays God's dwelling as a fixed, settled, and permanent reality, a place from which He governs and responds to His people.
* **The Moral Foundation of God's Throne:** The term is elevated beyond a physical location to a spiritual principle. The **habitation** of God's throne is composed of righteousness `{{H6664}}` and judgment `{{H4941}}`, revealing that His authority is founded on immutable moral character ([[Psalms 89:14]], [[Psalms 97:2]]).
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4349}}` provides a powerful concept of foundation and stability. It connects the literal creation of the world to the spiritual foundations of divine authority. From the **foundations** of the earth to the Temple as a "settled **place**" and ultimately to the principles of justice and judgment that undergird God's heavenly throne, **mâkôwn** illustrates the fixed, reliable, and sovereign nature of God's presence in the cosmos.
TRV