The Hebrew word mezeg, represented by H4197, refers to tempered wine; liquor. Derived from a root meaning to mingle, it appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire Bible. Its singular use provides a specific and rich image within a poetic context.
The sole appearance of H4197 is in the Song of Solomon, where it is used in a descriptive metaphor. The verse paints a picture of beauty and abundance, stating, "Thy navel is like a round goblet, which wanteth not liquor" Song of Solomon 7:2. Here, mezeg is the substance that perpetually fills a vessel, symbolizing unending supply and richness as part of a loving description of the beloved.
Several words from its only context help define its meaning through association:
- H8326 shôrer (the umbilical cord, i.e. (by extension) a bodice; navel): This is the part of the body being poetically described, directly compared to a goblet filled with mezeg Song of Solomon 7:2.
- H101 ʼaggân (a bowl (as pounded out hollow); basin, cup, goblet): This word defines the vessel that holds the mezeg, establishing the imagery of a container for the precious liquid Song of Solomon 7:2.
- H2637 châçêr (to lack; by implication, to fail, want, lessen): This verb is used in the negative to describe the state of the mezeg, emphasizing that the goblet "wanteth not" liquor, highlighting a theme of constant fullness Song of Solomon 7:2.
- H990 beṭen (the belly, especially the womb; also the bosom or body of anything): This term for "belly" immediately follows the metaphor involving mezeg, continuing the imagery of fruitfulness and abundance Song of Solomon 7:2.
While not a major theological term, the symbolic weight of H4197 is clear in its context.
- Symbol of Abundance: Its use in a goblet that "wanteth not" H2637 liquor makes it a powerful symbol of unending provision, richness, and perfection.
- Poetic Enrichment: The word's primary function is to create vivid, sensuous imagery. It contributes to the language of love and admiration that characterizes the Song of Solomon.
- Image of Perfection: As tempered wine, mezeg implies a carefully prepared and high-quality mixture. This detail adds to the overall picture of exquisite and flawless beauty being described in the passage Song of Solomon 7:2.
In summary, H4197 is a rare biblical word whose significance lies entirely in its single, impactful use. As the "liquor" that never runs dry in a round goblet, it serves as a cornerstone for a metaphor of abundance and perfection in the poetic landscape of Song of Solomon. It demonstrates how even the most infrequently used words in scripture can provide unique depth and color to the biblical text.
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