### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew root `{{H4171}}` (mûwr) fundamentally conveys the concept of "to alter" or "to change." This primary meaning extends semantically into several related applications, often implying a significant shift from an original state or condition. By implication, it can denote "to barter" or "to exchange," signifying a change of ownership or value. Furthermore, it carries the sense of "to dispose of" or "to remove," indicating a change in presence or status. Idiomatically, `{{H4171}}` can appear in negative constructions to emphasize an absolute lack of change or possibility, sometimes translated as "at all." The core idea is a departure from a previous state, whether physical, relational, or conceptual.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The occurrences of `{{H4171}}` in the Hebrew Bible illuminate its various semantic nuances. A prominent usage is found in the context of vows and dedicated offerings. In [[Leviticus 27:10]], the text explicitly states, "He shall not change it, nor alter it," referring to an animal dedicated to the Lord. This strict prohibition underscores the sanctity and inviolability of things consecrated to God, emphasizing that what is given to the Lord is not to be subject to human caprice or alteration.
Another significant instance appears in [[Jeremiah 2:11]], where the prophet laments, "Has a nation changed its gods, which are not gods?" Here, `{{H4171}}` highlights the profound spiritual infidelity of Israel, who abandoned the living God for idols that possess no inherent power or reality. This usage powerfully portrays a radical and lamentable shift in allegiance.
The sense of "exchange" is evident in passages such as [[Ezekiel 48:14]], concerning the holy portion of the land: "They shall not sell or exchange it, nor shall the firstfruits of the land be transferred." This reinforces the idea of something being set apart and not subject to common commercial transactions, maintaining its unique status.
While less frequent, the idiomatic use of "at all" or "in any way" often appears in negative constructions, emphasizing an absolute prohibition or impossibility of change. This usage reinforces the unalterable nature of certain divine decrees or human commitments.
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field of "change" in Hebrew is rich, and `{{H4171}}` interacts with several other terms. Synonyms or related concepts include:
* **`{{H4693}}` (māḥal):** Often means "to pardon" or "to forgive," but can also mean "to change" or "to profane" in certain contexts, particularly concerning a change from holy to common.
* **`{{H8138}}` (shānāh):** This root primarily means "to repeat" or "to do again," but can also signify "to change" or "to alter," often implying a transformation or variation. For example, changing clothes or changing one's mind.
* **`{{H5493}}` (sûr):** "To turn aside," "to depart," or "to remove." While not directly meaning "to alter," it often describes the act of removing something, leading to a change in its presence or position.
* **Covenant:** The concept of an unchangeable agreement, contrasting with human tendency to "alter" or "break" commitments.
* **Idolatry:** The act of "changing" one's allegiance from the true God to false deities, a profound theological shift.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H4171}}` is profound, touching upon themes of divine immutability, human faithfulness, and the sanctity of divine institutions.
Firstly, while humans are prone to "change" (`{{H4171}}`), God is consistently portrayed as unchangeable (e.g., [[Malachi 3:6]], though not using `{{H4171}}`, the concept is antithetical to it). This contrast highlights the steadfastness of God's character and covenant promises versus the fickle nature of humanity.
Secondly, the prohibition against "altering" or "exchanging" dedicated things (e.g., [[Leviticus 27:10]], [[Ezekiel 48:14]]) underscores the sacredness of vows, offerings, and divine allocations. It teaches that what is consecrated to God is set apart and not subject to human manipulation or re-evaluation for personal gain. This emphasizes the importance of integrity and fidelity in one's relationship with the divine.
Thirdly, the "changing" of gods (e.g., [[Jeremiah 2:11]]) represents the gravest form of spiritual apostasy. It is a radical shift in worship and allegiance that fundamentally redefines a nation's or individual's relationship with the Creator. This act signifies a profound rejection of divine revelation and a descent into spiritual darkness.
In essence, `{{H4171}}` serves as a linguistic marker for significant transitions, often with moral or spiritual implications, highlighting the tension between human mutability and divine constancy.
### Summary
The Hebrew root `{{H4171}}` (mûwr) is a potent verb centered on the concept of "to alter" or "to change." Its semantic range extends to "barter," "exchange," and "remove," often carrying the nuance of a fundamental shift from an original state. Biblical usage, particularly in [[Leviticus 27:10]] and [[Ezekiel 48:14]], emphasizes the inviolability of sacred things and vows, prohibiting their alteration or exchange. In [[Jeremiah 2:11]], it powerfully depicts the spiritual betrayal of "changing" allegiance from the true God to idols. Theologically, `{{H4171}}` highlights the contrast between the unchangeable nature of God and the often fickle or disloyal nature of humanity, underscoring the sanctity of divine commitments and the gravity of spiritual apostasy. It speaks to the critical importance of steadfastness and integrity in one's walk with the Almighty.
TRV