### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mûwʻâph**, represented by `{{H4155}}`, describes a state of **dimness** or obscurity. Rooted in a word meaning "covered," it conveys a sense of darkness and abstractly refers to distress. This specific term is exceptionally rare, appearing only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the entire Bible, highlighting its very particular application.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole use of `{{H4155}}` is in the prophecy of Isaiah. It is used to describe a condition that will not be like the "vexation" that previously befell the lands of Zebulun and Naphtali. The verse contrasts a past state where God "lightly afflicted" the land with a subsequent one where He "did more grievously afflict" the region, setting the stage for the **dimness**{H4155} mentioned [[Isaiah 9:1]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words found in its single context help clarify the meaning of `{{H4155}}`:
* `{{H4164}}` **mûwtsaq**: This word for **vexation** appears alongside `{{H4155}}` in [[Isaiah 9:1]]. Defined as "narrowness; figuratively, distress," it reinforces the theme of anguish and being straitened. It is used elsewhere to describe waters that are "straitened" by frost [[Job 37:10]].
* `{{H3513}}` **kâbad**: Used in [[Isaiah 9:1]] to state God "did more grievously afflict" the land. The root means "to be heavy," which can signify either a grievous burden or, in a good sense, glory and honor. This dual meaning is seen when it is used to "honour" one's father and mother [[Exodus 20:12]] or when the LORD's ear is "heavy" [[Isaiah 59:1]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4155}}` is concentrated in its singular, powerful appearance.
* **A Symbol of Affliction:** The **dimness** described is not a natural state but a direct result of being "grievously afflict[ed]" [[Isaiah 9:1]]. It serves as a potent image for the consequences of judgment and the heavy distress it brings upon a people.
* **The Darkness Before Dawn:** In its context in [[Isaiah 9:1]], "dimness" is introduced by the word "Nevertheless," setting it up as a dark backdrop against which a future, contrasting hope will be revealed. It defines the severity of the situation that requires divine intervention.
* **A State of Spiritual Distress:** Drawing from its base definition of "obscurity" and its association with "vexation" `{{H4164}}`, the term signifies more than a lack of light; it represents a state of spiritual hardship, confusion, and distress.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4155}}` **mûwʻâph** is a highly specific term for **dimness** and distress. Its single use in Scripture powerfully illustrates a state of profound affliction and obscurity. Paired with words denoting vexation and heavy affliction, it captures a moment of deep national trouble within Isaiah's prophecy, serving as the darkness that precedes a promised, and fundamentally different, future.
TRV