### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mâʼên**, represented by `{{H3985}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to refuse**. It appears 41 times across 39 unique verses in the Bible. The term denotes a willful rejection or denial and is sometimes used idiomatically to mean **utterly** refuse.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H3985}}` is frequently used to describe humanity's refusal of God's commands and covenant. The Israelites are described as those who "refused to obey" and hardened their necks [[Nehemiah 9:17]], refused to hear God's words [[Jeremiah 11:10]], and refused to return from their iniquity ([[Jeremiah 5:3]], [[Hosea 11:5]]). The word also characterizes the defiance of individuals like Pharaoh, who refused to humble himself before God [[Exodus 10:3]] or let the people go [[Exodus 7:14]]. On a personal level, it describes refusing comfort in times of grief ([[Genesis 37:35]], [[Psalms 77:2]]) or rejecting a specific action or gift ([[Genesis 39:8]], [[2 Kings 5:16]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the context and consequence of refusing:
* `{{H4784}}` **mârâh** (to rebel): This term is often used in parallel with refusal to describe active defiance against God. A stark choice is presented: if you "refuse and rebel," you will be devoured [[Isaiah 1:20]].
* `{{H7185}}` **qâshâh** (to be dense, i.e. tough or severe): This word describes the internal state that leads to refusal. When the people refused to obey, they "hardened their necks" [[Nehemiah 9:17]], a physical posture signifying an unyielding will.
* `{{H7725}}` **shûwb** (to turn back): A common application of refusal is the rejection of repentance. God's people are condemned because they "refuse to return" [[Jeremiah 8:5]], clinging to their own ways instead of turning back to Him.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H3985}}` is significant, highlighting a central aspect of sin and human responsibility.
* **Willful Rebellion:** To refuse God is not a passive failure but an active choice. It is seen in Israel's refusal to keep His commandments [[Exodus 16:28]], hearken to His prophets [[Zechariah 7:11]], or walk in His law [[Psalms 78:10]], constituting a deliberate break in their covenant relationship.
* **The Hardened Position:** Refusal is intrinsically linked to a hardened state. The people made their faces "harder than a rock" and "refused to receive correction" [[Jeremiah 5:3]]. This condition makes one unreceptive to God's guidance, discipline, or even His comfort [[Psalms 77:2]].
* **Consequence and Judgment:** Scripture clearly outlines the consequences of refusal. Those who refuse God's call are met with His refusal to regard them [[Proverbs 1:24]]. More severely, to refuse and rebel against the LORD leads to destruction [[Isaiah 1:20]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H3985}}` **mâʼên** signifies more than a simple "no." It is a decisive word of the will, capturing the essence of defiance against both divine and human authority. It illustrates a foundational conflict in scripture: the choice between obedience and rebellion, between a soft heart that returns to God and a hardened one that refuses His call, His correction, and His comfort. The consequences of this refusal underscore the seriousness of rejecting God's sovereignty.
TRV